2018年上海市郊区某镇小学生健康状况分析

Health condition of pupils in a suburb town of Shanghai, 2018

目的了解上海市郊区某镇小学生生长发育状况及常见病患病情况,为制订有效的校园健康策略提供依据。方法利用普查的方法,收集2018年上海市郊区某镇4136名7~12岁在校小学生健康体检数据,对小学生生长发育、营养状况以及常见病检出率进行统计分析。结果4136名小学生平均身高、体重均随年龄的增长而增加,平均身高7岁~组(t=4.62)和8岁~组(t=2.34)男生均高于女生(均P<0.05),平均体重7岁~组(t=4.88)、8岁~组(t=5.61)、9岁~组(t=4.40)、10岁~组(t=5.70)和11岁~组(t=4.49)男生均高于女生(均P<0.05);消瘦、超重、肥胖、视力低下、沙眼、贫血和龋齿检出率分别为3.79%,14.36%,12.09%,27.90%,0.41%,1.11%和42.92%,其中消瘦检出率男生低于女生(χ^2=9.01,P<0.01),而超重(χ^2=59.11)和肥胖(χ^2=65.53)检出率高于女生(均P<0.01);消瘦(趋势χ^2=29.54)和视力低下(趋势χ^2=243.83)检出率随着年龄的增长呈递增趋势(均P<0.01)。结论上海市郊区某镇小学生超重、肥胖、视力低下和龋齿检出率较高;应有针对性地开展相关的健康教育工作,加大常见病的防治力度。

objective To investigate the growth and prevalence of common diseases of pupils in a suburban town of Shanghai, so as to provide evidence for formulating effective campus health strategies. Methods Physical examination data of 4 136 pupils aged 7 to 12 years in a suburb town of Shanghai, 2018 were collected with census methods. The growth and development, nutritional status and detection rate of common diseases were statistically analyzed. Results The average height and weight of 4 136 pupils aged 7 to 12 years increased with age growth. The average height of the pupils at the age of 7 years- (t= 4.62), 8 years- (t=2.34) was higher in the boys than in the girls (all P<0.05). The average weight of the pupils at the age of 7 years- (t=4.88), 8 years- (t=5.61), 9 years (t=4.40), 10 years- (t=5.70) and 11 years- (t=4.49) was higher in the boys than in the girls (all P<0.05). The detection rates of emaciation, overweight, obesity, poor vision, trachoma, anemia and dental caries were 3.79%, 14.36%, 12.09%, 27.90%, 0.41%, 1.11% and 42.92%. Among them, the detection rate of emaciation was lower in the boys than in the girls (χ^2=9.01, P<0.01). While the detection rate of overweight (χ^2=59.11) and obesity (χ^2=65.53) was higher in the boys than in the girls (all P<0.01). Emaciation (trend χ^2=29.54) and low vision (trend χ^2=243.83) tended to increase with age growth (all P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of overweight, obesity, poor vision and dental caries among the pupils in a suburban town of Shanghai is high. It is necessary to carry out relevant health education and strengthen the prevention and treatment of common diseases.