庆阳市孕妇全血中微量元素测定及其临床意义

Detection and clinical significance of trace elements in whole blood of pregnant women in Qingyang

目的探讨孕妇血液中微量元素含量水平及其变化趋势,为孕妇早期保健和疾病诊断提供科学依据。方法选取2017年1-12月在甘肃省庆阳市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心门诊产前检查的自愿检测微量元素的健康孕妇1 390人,采集全血以原子吸收光谱仪测定铜、锌、钙、镁和铁5种微量元素,并与正常参考值比较,以判断全血中微量元素含量水平与缺乏情况。结果孕妇全血中微量元素含量铜(20.39±6.27)μmol/L、锌(101.95±29.23)μmol/L、钙(0.99±0.26)mmol/L、镁(1.48±0.22)mmol/L和铁(6.81±0.51)mmol/L,其中,铜、锌和镁元素含量均值均在正常参考值范围内,钙和铁元素含量均值较正常参考值偏低;不同年龄组孕妇微量元素缺乏率比较,钙(χ^2=13.36)和铁(χ^2=17.08)缺乏率较高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),且随着年龄的增长,孕妇钙的缺乏率呈明显的上升趋势(趋势χ^2=11.69,P<0.05)。结论庆阳市孕妇全血中钙和铁元素含量较正常参考值偏低,缺乏率较高,提示孕妇应加强各种肉、乳以及豆制品等营养素的摄入,补充足够的钙、铁元素,做到膳食平衡,并应定期检测微量元素,以保障胎儿的正常生长发育、保证母婴健康。

Objective To discuss the levels and change trends of trace elements in pregnant women’s blood and provide scientific basis for early health care and disease diagnosis. Methods The whole blood samples were collected in 1 390 healthy pregnant women in Qingyang Municipal Maternity and Child-Care Family Planning Service Center for prenatal examination and voluntary trace elements detection from January to December in 2017. Five trace elements of copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron were detected by atomic absorption spectrometer, and the results were compared with normal reference value for estimating the content level of trace elements and deficiency status. Results The content of copper, zinc,calcium, magnesium and iron was(20.39±6.27) μmol/L,(101.95±29.23) μmol/L,(0.99±0.26) mmol/L,(1.48±0.22) mmol/L and(6.81±0.51) mmol/L, respectively in the whole blood of the pregnant women. The mean value of copper, zinc and magnesium were within the normal reference range, and that of calcium and iron were lower than the normal reference values. The deficiency rate of calcium(χ^2=13.36) and iron(χ^2=17.08) was high with statistical difference(all P<0.05) among various age groups of the pregnant women. The deficiency rate of calcium of the pregnant women showed obvious uptrend(trend χ^2=11.69, P<0.05) with the growth of age. Conclusions The content of calcium and iron is lower than the normal reference value in the whole blood of the pregnant women in Qingyang with high deficiency rate. It prompts the pregnant women to take more kinds of meat, milk and soybean products for enough calcium and iron. Balanced diet should be taken and the trace element should be detected regularly to ensure the normal growth and development of fetus.