苏联援建中国人民海军述论(1949～1960年)

On the Soviet Union's Aid for the Construction of the Chinese People's Navy( 1949～1960)

20世纪50年代中国人民海军的发展在一定程度上得益于苏联的援助。斯大林曾允诺帮助中国建设海军,虽然受朝鲜战争的影响,苏联对华海军援助较少,但对中国人民海军的创建及保卫中国海疆安全起了较为重要的作用。通过"六四协定"和"二四协定",苏联向中国提供了大量海军装备及技术援助,加上1955年苏军撤离旅顺口海军根据地时移交的海军装备,使中国人民海军的武器装备和技术水平在短时间内得到了较大幅度的提升。50年代,苏联还派遣了海军专家顾问援华,对中国人民海军的发展壮大发挥了较为重要的作用,但中国人民海军的建设始终坚持自主发展与接受苏联援助相结合的方针,为此后人民海军的独立发展奠定了基础。

In the 1950s,the development of the Chinese People's Navy benefited from the Soviet Union's assistance to some extent.Stalin had promised to help China build the navy.Although the Soviet Union had less assistance to China under the influence of the Korean War,it played an important role in the establishment of the Chinese People's Navy and the protection of China's maritime security.Through the "June 4th Agreement"and "February 4th Agreement",the Soviet Union provided China with a large number of naval equipments and technical assistance and handed over naval equipments in 1955when the Soviet troops withdrew from the Lushunkou Naval Base,all which greatly improved the weaponry and technical level of the Chinese People's Navy in a short period of time.In the 1950s,the Soviet Union also dispatched naval experts and advisers to China,which played an important role in the development of the Chinese People's Navy.However,the construction of the Chinese People's Navy always adhered to the principle of combining independent development with the Soviet aid and laid a foundation on the independent development of the People's Navy.