磁力梯度测量技术的新发展

New development of magnetic gradient measurement technique

本文从磁法勘探角度出发,首先介绍了三种传统的磁通门探头,分别为经典式、三端式和非晶探头三类.然后介绍了一种较为先进的微型磁通门传感器,按磁芯材料可分为单芯、双芯和环芯三类.之后重点介绍了超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)的基本概念、发展历史和种类分类.从偏置电流方面可分为直流和射频SQUID传感器;从工作温度方面可分为高温超导和低温超导SQUID传感器,并每一类SQUID的工作原理、研究现状和性能特点.

In this paper, we introduce the present status and development of the magnetic gradient measurement from the perspective of magnetic prospecting. The emergence of SQUID improves the rapid development of areomagnetic gradient measurement and magnetic gradient tensor measurement. Firstly, we introduce three types of traditional flux-gate probes, respectively classical types, three-terminal types and amorphous types. Then we introduce a more advanced micro-fluxgate sensor, including three core material types of single core, double cores and ring core. Afterwards, we introduce the concept, development and types of SQUID. SQUID is a kind of magnetometer based on two macroscopic quantum mechanical effects of superconducting flux quantum and Josephson tunneling quantum. From the aspect of bias current, it can be divided into DC-SQUID and RF-SQUID;from the aspect of operating temperature, it can be divided into HTS SQUID and LTS SQUID, and then we introduce the working principle, research status and performance feature of every kind of the above SQUID. Finally, we summarize and analyze the advantages, problems and application prospects of SQUID magnetometer.