微量营养素对老年人功能及临床结局的影响

Effect of micronutrient status on geriatric function and clinical outcome

老年人由于病理生理改变,其微量营养素缺乏的风险会明显增加。目前老年人群膳食中维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素E、叶酸、钙、镁、锌、硒仍低于膳食营养素参考摄入量所推荐的标准。微量营养素缺乏会给老年人群的生理功能、免疫功能、认知功能等带来不良影响,并导致虚弱及不良临床结局的风险增加。适当、适量补充单一或多种微量营养素可能改善其生理功能、认知功能、免疫功能及虚弱状态,同时降低其心血管疾病及感染的发生风险。鉴于老年人微量营养素缺乏的干预时机、方法、剂量仍无公认标准,今后仍需开展基于人群的大型随机对照研究,以期为促进健康老龄化提供依据。

Due to pathophysiological changes,the risk of micronutrient deficiency in geriatric increased.Currently,dietary intake of vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,vitamin B12,vitamin C,vitamin E,folic acid,calcium,magnesium,zinc and selenium was still lower than the recommended dietary reference intake in the elderly.Geriatric micronutrient deficiencies may contribute to the decrease of physiological function,immune function and cognitive function.It may also result in frailty and increase the risk of adverse clinical outcomes.The appropriate supplementation of single or multiple micronutrients can improve physiological function,cognitive function,immune function and frailty,meantime,reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and infection.Given there are still no generally accepted standards on the time and method of intervention,population-based randomized controlled studies are needed to provide the basis for promoting healthy ageing.