凉山州5个彝族聚居地区居民艾滋病知识知晓情况及歧视态度调查分析

Analysis of AIDS-related knowledge and discrimination among five residential areas of Yi people in Liangshan prefecture

目的了解凉山州5个彝族聚居地居民艾滋病知识和歧视态度情况,为采取有针对性的宣传教育工作提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方式对凉山州5个地区居民进行面对面问卷调查。结果共268名调查对象,总的艾滋病知识知晓率为72.5%,X市、B县、Z县、G县、M县艾滋病知识知晓率分别为72.1%、73.2%、71.0%、72.7%、68.3%,汉族高于彝族(χ~2=19.718,P<0.05),男性知晓率(76.7%)高于女性(68.6%),老年人知晓率(60.7%)最低,知晓率随学历和收入水平的提高而相应提高。调查对象总歧视率为57.1%,知晓率和歧视率呈反比关系(r=-0.499,P=0.004)。调查对象艾滋病传播途径平均知晓率达85.6%,艾滋病非传播途径和性预防知识掌握情况较差,知晓率分别为60.6%、66.8%。各地区对于艾滋病相关知识掌握情况有所差异,如G县艾滋病的传播途径知晓度最高,正确率为87.7%,艾滋病非传播途径知识B县知晓率70.2%,X市居民艾滋病性预防知识掌握最好正确率达73.1%。结论凉山州宣传教育应将彝族、女性、老年人作为重点人群,加强对艾滋病非传播途径和性知识宣传力度,提高知晓率,缓解对艾滋病患者歧视现象。

Objective To evaluate AIDS-related knowledge and discrimination in the five residential areas of Yi groups in Liangshan,in order to provide evidence for future health education.Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to conduct a face-to-face questionnaire survey among the residents.Results A total of 268 respondents were surveyed.The overall AIDS-related knowledge awareness rate was 72.5%,with 72.1%,73.2%,71.0%,72.7%,and 68.3%respectively in the five areas.Han ethnic people had higher rate than Yi people(χ2=19.718,P<0.05);and male(76.7%)had higher rate than female(68.6%).The elderly people had the lowest rate(60.7%).The knowledge awareness rate increased with the rise of educational level and income.The overall discrimination rate was 57.1%,and there was an inverse relationship(r=-0.499,P=0.004)between awareness rate and discrimination rate.The average awareness rate of HIV transmission routes was 85.6%,and the awareness rate about HIV non-transmission pathways and sexual prevention were 60.6%,and 66.8%.The awareness of AIDS-related knowledge varied in the five areas with 87.7% as the highest in one county.The average awareness rate of non-transmitted routes of AIDS was 70.2%in another county.The highest awareness rate of AIDS/STD prevention knowledge was 73.1%.Conclusion Publicity and health education in Liangshan should cover as many as Yi people,esp.women,and the elderly as key groups,to strengthen the promotion of knowledge awareness and decrease the discrimination against HIV/AIDS patients.