论列维—斯特劳斯的结构主义神话理论

On Levi-Strauss's Myth Theory of Structuralism

列维—斯特劳斯是法国著名的结构主义人类学代表。他继承了结构语言学、心理学等的理论,提出了万事万物都存在着"二元对立"的结构,"二元对立"是普遍有效的科学思维逻辑。他认为神话是一个自足的文化符号,而原始人类的心智是最真实、最本色的,神话反映了人类最本质的思维,因此,研究神话是探究普遍有效的思维逻辑的最佳方式。通过对神话的研究,列氏进一步论证了其结构人类学的理论,并提出了他的结构主义神话理论。尽管列氏的理论观点遭到众多质疑,但仍无法遮盖其对结构主义及神话学的贡献。

Levi-strauss is a famous representative of structuralist anthropology in France. He inherited the theory of structural linguistics, psychology and so on, and proposed that all things have the structure of " binary opposition", " binary opposition" is a universal and effective scientific thinking logic. In his opinion, myth is a selfsufficient cultural symbol, and the primitive human mind is the most authentic and natural. Myth reflects the most essential thinking of human beings. Therefore, the study of myth is the best way to explore the universal and effective logic of thinking. Through the study of myth, he further demonstrated his theory of structural anthropology and put forward his theory of myth of structuralism. Although his theory was questioned by many people, his contribution to structuralism and mythology could not be covered.