门诊婴幼儿静脉采血方法的探讨

Blood Collection with Venipuncture for infants and young children in Outpatient service

目的探讨对婴幼儿不同的采血部位成功率进行统计的结果,由此得出最快捷、最安全的采血方法。方法对门诊采血室13 500例婴幼儿,分组从手背静脉、肘部静脉、头皮浅静脉、股静脉、大隐静脉进行采血,并对不同部位采血方法进行比较。结果婴幼儿静脉采血不同部位,一次成功率存在明显差异。3岁≤年龄<6岁患儿手背静脉及肘部静脉成功率高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。1岁≤年龄<3岁患儿手背静脉及肘部静脉成功率高于头皮浅静脉。1个月≤年龄<1岁患儿肘部静脉、头皮浅静脉、股静脉、大隐静脉穿刺成功率高于手背静脉。<1月头皮浅静脉、大隐静脉、股静脉穿刺成功率高于手背静脉、肘部静脉。结论婴幼儿静脉采血一次成功率与采血部位有关。

Objective To search for the optimal blood collection method for infants and young children.Methods 13500 infants and young children collected blood in outpatient department respectively were divided into four groups according to the age (A/B/C/D group),the blood collection was carried out from the dorsal vein,the elbow vein,the superficial vein of the scalp,the femoral vein,the great saphenous vein,and the blood collection methods were compared.Results Fordifferent blood collection sites,the one-puncture success rate of four groups has obvious differenee .In A group (3 year old ≤age <6 year old),the one-puncture success rate of the elbow vein was higher than the dorsal vein,but without difference.In B group (1year old ≤ age <3year old)the one-puncture success rate of the elbow vein and the dorsal vein were significantly higher than the superficial vein of the scalp (P<0.05).In C group (1month old ≤ age <1year old),elbow vein,scalp superficial vein and femoral vein and great saphenous vein puncture success rate is higher than the back of.hand vein (P<0.05).In D group (age <1 month old),scalp superficial vein,great saphenous vein and femoral vein puncture success rate is higher than the back of hand vein, elbow vein(P<0.05).Conclusion Optimal blood collection method for infants and young children is related to blood parts.