渔钓图与宋画中的文人理想

Fishing Theme and Literati Ideal in Song Paintings

本文的研究目的是通过选取中国宋代山水画中的"渔钓"题材作为一个观照和参考,讨论"渔钓"在宋代绘画中的实用性表达和情感性寄托,更深层地挖掘文人画家的思想意趣和个人追求。宋代绘画中的渔钓题材大多脱离了渔事之本义,赋予渔钓以深远的人文想象和思想内涵。舟网与钓竿是文人画家的一个仅次于山石树水要素的山水画构造单元和象征符号,是宋代绘画中一个完美的绘画素材和寓指,是一个身不能至、心向往之的精神天堂和理想家园。宋代文人士大夫,无论在朝与否,"渔钓"均承载了当时文人天人一体、浪迹精神、恣肆江湖、洁身自好的人生理想和生命追求。"渔钓"是宋代和其后文人画家的一个精神图腾和意象符号。"渔钓"的精神内核与道家哲学一脉相承。宋代渔钓题材山水画对于后世历朝山水画的审美品格和创作实践影响至深至远。

Taking the landscapes of the Song dynasty on the theme of "fishing"as reference,the paper focuses on the practical expression and the emotional sustenance of "fishing"theme in Song paintings to discuss the literati painters'thought,taste and personal pursuit.The fishing theme in the paintings of the Song dynasty was mostly out of the original meaning of fishing and endowed with profound humanistic imagination and ideological connotation.Similar to the mountain,stone,tree,water and some other factors,the fishnet,boat and fishing rod are also the elements and symbols to compose the landscape pattern.Fishing is a perfect painting subject to represent the spiritual paradise and ideal home.Whether they hold the office at court or not,the literati and officialdom in the Song dynasty always place their life ideals and pursuits on"fishing"theme,such as being an integral part of nature,leading wandering life, being free and unfettered in the wide world,preserving their purity and so on."Fishing"is a spiritual totem and image symbol of literati painters in the Song and following dynasties.Taoists philosophy spiritual and the core of "fishing"are in direct line of succession.The landscapes of the Song dynasty on fishing theme deeply influenced the aesthetic character and creative practice of the later generations in landscape painting