复配芽孢杆菌对撑绿杂交竹枯萎病的生物防治效果研究

Biological control effect of compounded bacillus on wilt disease of Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis daii

【目的】通过对比单一芽孢杆菌和复配芽孢杆菌对撑绿杂交竹枯萎病的防治效果,为开发防治撑绿杂交竹枯萎病的稳定高效、低成本的复合菌剂提供理论基础。【方法】本文制备了解淀粉芽孢杆菌B01-2、枯草芽孢杆菌B23-1以及二者的复配菌株的发酵滤液,并采用菌丝生长速率法、孢子萌发法和盆栽试验法,研究了各菌株发酵产物对病原菌尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发以及对杂交竹抗性生理指标的影响。【结果】复配芽孢杆菌处理对病原菌抑制效果显著高于单一菌株。复配芽孢杆菌菌落直径和孢子萌发率分别为1. 9 cm和8. 8%;单一菌株B01-2和B23-1的菌落直径与孢子萌发率分别为3. 4 cm、4. 1 cm和17. 8%、31. 0%;盆栽防效试验中,芽孢杆菌处理组的枯萎病发病率比对照低。复配芽孢杆菌的发病率(50%)较单一菌株B01-2(60%)与B23-1(60%)更低;复配芽孢杆菌对撑绿杂交竹枯萎病的防治效果达到81. 5%,高于单一菌株B01-2(70. 4%)与B23-1(63. 0%)。杂交竹叶片生理指标测定表明,3种处理的发酵液都能诱导激发杂交竹体内的过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)防御酶的活性,降低杂交竹叶片叶绿素的分解和减少丙二醛(MDA)的生成,触发植物的系统抗病性,增强植株免疫能力。此外,复配菌株较单一菌株对杂交竹叶片的生理指标的影响更明显。【结论】复配芽孢杆菌具有强大的拮抗活性,在室内盆栽苗条件下能够有效防治撑绿杂交竹枯萎病,具有潜在的应用开发前景。

[Objective] In order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of stable, efficient and cheap compounded bacillus, the biological effects of single and compounded bacillus on wilt disease of bamboo (Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis daii) were comparatively analyzed in this work. [Method] The fermentation filtrates of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens daii B01-2, Bacillus subtilis B23-1 and their compounded bacillus were prepared, and the influences of fermentation products of bacillus on mycelial growth, spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum and indexes of resistance physiology of Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis daii were measured using the methods of mycelial growth rate, spore germinate and pot experiments, respectively. [Result] The inhibiting effect of compounded bacillus was better than those of single ones did. The colony diameter of fungal pathogen and spore germination rate treated by compounded bacillus were 1.9 cm and 8.8%, and those from treatments of B01-2 and B23-1 were 3.4 cm, 4.1 cm and 17.8%, 31.0%, respectively. Pot experiments displayed that the incidences of wilt disease treated by fermentation filtrates of bacillus were lower than control. The incidence of wilt disease from compounded bacillus (50%) was lower than both of B01-2 (60%) and B23-1 (60%). The control effect of compounded bacillus on wilt disease reached 81.5%, which was higher than those of single ones, i.e., B01-2 (70.4%) and B23-1 (63.0%).The determination of leaf physiological indexes showed that all treatments could induce the activities of defense enzymes (POD, PPO and PAL) to decrease the decomposition of chlorophyll, and to reduce the generation of MDA, resulting in the increase of disease resistance and plant immune abilities. Moreover, the compounded bacillus had higher influences on the physiological indexes compared with single bacillus. [Conclusion] In summary, compounded bacillus had a strong antagonistic activity, which could effectively prevent and control the wilt disease of Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis daii in pot experiments, showing a good potential application prospect.