古斯塔夫法在电商物流仓库火灾风险评估中的应用研究

An approach to successful application of Gustav’s method to the fire risk assessment of the E-commerce logistics warehouse

电子商务类物流仓库是近年来逐渐增多的一类新型仓储建筑,针对该类建筑的特点和火灾风险评估问题,引入了半定量火灾风险评估方法古斯塔夫法,分析了该方法在实际应用中存在的不足。对该方法进行了适用性改进,完善了方法中的评估因子,使用层次分析法确定了因子指标权重,形成了新的评估指标体系。以上海市某电商物流仓库为对象,进行了工程实例分析。结果表明,改进的古斯塔夫法能够较好地应用于该类建筑的火灾风险评估。

The paper is aimed to establish a novel assessment model that can be applied for the E-commerce logistics warehouses for the warehouse building.Though there has been an increasing number of such warehouses under construction and even already put into operation,an increasing number of such warehouses are said to be faced with the likely fire hazards.To deal with the problem,we have adopted Gustav's method to fulfil such kinds of assessment,for it is believed effective in assessing such fire risks.This is because,first of all,the paper has summarized the development experience of the E-commerce logistics industry in recent years,elaborated the basic principles of Gustav's method,and made an evaluation of the practical application and adaptation of the method by the relevant researchers.And,next,it has also pointed out the deficiencies of Gustav method through an analysis of the characteristic features of E-commerce logistics warehouses and their differences from the traditional large-space wide-span buildings so as to improve the method from the following perspectives:First of all,the facility factor E has been introduced in light of its impact on the fire risk in such warehouses.And,secondly,the fire-extinguishing capability factor L can be perfected to be split into Cfand Cb,respectively,to refer to the fire-fighting capability of the local fire-fighting force.And,it is also possible to heighten their fire-control capability of the installation and facilities in such buildings,including both the subjective and objective ones.And,thirdly,all the assessment factors in the fire-fighting force and the property risk insurance IR can be completed on the ground of the analysis of the fire-fighting qualification and capability level,the nature of the storage materials and the capacity of the smoke extraction facilities.And,fourthly,it is necessary to build up a comprehensive hierarchical structure of the evaluation criteria and prepare for detailed scoring sheets based on the newly-created or adopted assessment factors.What is more,the AHP method has to be adopted to determine the weighing factors in different items in the sheets and the final evaluation standards of a certain assessment factor,which can be taken as the sum total of all the evaluation results obtained by the item assessment score multiplied by its weight.And,finally,the paper can be expected to use the adapted Gustav's method to the fire risk evaluations for a particular E-commerce warehouse project in combination with the evaluation results with the evaluation features of each storage area so as to bring about some other firefighting countermeasures of the E-commerce enterprises.Thus,the adapted Gustav's method can help to make the fire risk assessment of E-commerce logistics warehouses more effectively.