空中交通管制员疲劳状态及影响因素分析

Analysis of the actual situation and influential factors of the fatigue among the air traffic controllers

为探讨空中交通管制员疲劳状况及与影响因素间的作用路径,分析疲劳影响因素间的差异与联系,并建立管制员疲劳致因因素关系模型。运用方差分析、相关性分析及通径分析的数据分析方法对228份问卷调查结果进行了分析。结果表明:管制员存在较高的总体疲劳感受;睡眠质量干扰问题在管制员群体中较为普遍;疲劳状态在昼夜节律适应性、执勤时间、工作负荷整体感受等因素上有显著性差异;各影响因素对疲劳状态的直接效应从大到小依次为昼夜节律适应性、睡眠状况、外向型人格;间接效应前四位依次为睡眠状况、工作负荷感受、单位人文环境、执勤时间;总效应值前四位依次为昼夜节律适应性、睡眠状况、工作负荷整体感受、执勤时间。

This paper is to provide an analysis of the fatigue status-in-situ of the air traffic controllers and its relation with the likely causes leading to such fatigue,which can essentially contribute to the risk management of the safety manipulation of the civil aviation cause of the country.For the said purpose,we have prepared a questionnaire to collect data on the fatigue situation and its causes from 228 items of survey responses.More specifically speaking,the questionnaire consists of items from the Multi-dimensional Fatigue Inventory-16(MFI - 16),the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,the Big Five Personality Inventory-30(BFI-30),the Work Factors questionnaire,and the Circadian Rhythms questionnaire.The analysis of variance and the correlation analysis we have adopted have been used to describe the group heterogeneity and the correlation of the causes of fatigue and the consequences the fatigue may lead to based on the SPSS 22.0.And,in turn,significant indices have been screened out to result in the concerned factor sets.Furthermore,we have also built up a sensitivity analysis model through a sensitivity analysis done based on Amos 7.0 to represent the paths and degrees of the effects definitively.In addition,fatigue status data can be taken as a kind of endogenous variables with the significant causes of fatigue turning to be as the exogenous variables.Through the above mentioned comparisons with the reference standards,the relevant indicators of the sensitivity analysis model can be made to meet the standard demands,with the fitting indices well in accord with the said standard.The results of the above said questionnaire survey indicate that the air traffic controllers under study have indeed had high scores for general fatigue factors,with 56.14% of them troubled with poor sleep quality.On the other hand,the results of ANOVA,though different in adaptability of circadian rhythms,duty times,night shift duty hours,perception of their own workloads,the corporate environment,and other causes,all of which may have had significant impacts on their fatigue status.The sensitivity analysis model has also helped to detect that the adaptability of the circadian rhythms,the sleepless fatigue situation,and the extroversion may all directly affect their fatigue situation.And,even in duty-performing hours,even they may perceive of their own workload,the corporate environment,and the neuroticism may all affect their fatigue status directly or indirectly by affecting the adaptability of circadian rhythms,and the rest status every two hours on service may indirectly affect their fatigue status.Besides,the effects of the causes of their fatigue can be rated from high to low:the adaptability of circadian rhythms(0.949),> sleep status(0.505),> perception of workload(0.371),and > duty times(0.332).The top 4 indirect influential factors are supposed to be:the sleep status(0.446),the perception of workload(0.371),the corporate environment(0.329),and the duty hours monotony(0.332).The adaptability of the circadian rhythms may also have had the highest effect on the fatigue of the controllers,while the extroverted controllers have been found stronger fatigue-relief inclinations,and the neurotic controllers tend to produce fatigue more promptly.