丽水地区儿童呼吸道病毒感染的流行病学调查分析

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of respiratory virus infection in children in Lishui area

目的掌握丽水地区儿童呼吸道病毒感染分布情况和流行趋势,为临床诊断、治疗提供依据。方法选取2017年3月-2018年2月在丽水市中心医院、丽水市妇幼保健院门诊和住院的呼吸道感染患儿3 875例,收集血清,采用间接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道病毒抗体Ig M。结果 3 875例患儿,共检出1 729例阳性,阳性率为44. 62%,其中男、女患儿感染率分别为43. 64%和45. 59%,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。IVB和IVA感染率明显高于其他病毒,分别为14. 86%和8. 36%;混合感染率为4. 18%。1岁～3岁感染率最高,占75. 47%。冬季感染率最高,夏季感染率最低,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论丽水地区儿童呼吸道病毒感染1岁～3岁患儿最常见,冬季感染率高,病毒感染以IVB、IVA、MP、RSV为主,存在明显的年龄、季节差异性;临床上应重视呼吸道感染性疾病的特征,积极预防呼吸道病毒感染引起的并发症。

Objective To understand the distribution and epidemic trend of respiratory virus infection in children in Lishui area,so as to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Totally,3 875 children with respiratory infection were collected from Lishui Central Hospital and Lishui Maternal and Child Health-care Hospital from March 2017 to February2018. Serum was collected for the detection of respiratory virus antibody Ig M by indirect immunofluorescence. Results A total of 1 729 cases were positive in 3 875 children,with a positive rate of 44. 62%. The infection rates of male and female children were 43. 64% and 45. 59%,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant( P > 0. 05). The infection rates of IVB and IVA were significantly higher than those of other viruses,accounting for 14. 86% and 8. 36%,respectively; the mixed infection rate was 4. 18%. The infection rate was the highest in 1-3 years old children,accounting for 75. 47%. The infection rate was the highest in winter and the lowest in summer,and the differences were statistically significant( P < 0. 05).Conclusion Respiratory virus infection in Lishui area are most common in children aged 1-3 years old. The infection rate is high in winter. The main infections are caused by IVB,IVA,MP and RSV,showing obvious age and seasonal differences.Clinical attention should be paid to respiratory tract infection,and the complications caused by respiratory virus infection should be actively prevented.