推拉理论视域下职业教育兼职教师政策发展研究

Research on Part-time Teacher's Policy Development of Vocational Education from the Perspective of Push-pull Theory

兼职教师队伍是新时代职业教育深化产教融合、校企合作的重要力量。在推拉理论视域下,系统梳理我国1985-2017年间职业教育兼职教师政策文本。从政府、学校、企业、个体四个层面的分析发现,兼职教师政策在"推-拉"力共同作用下,经历了解决教师数量不足、提高师资质量、引导深度参与教育、畅通校企双向合作的发展过程。多个利益相关方的推拉力保持动态均衡,是兼职教师队伍维持稳定并获得长效发展的关键。当前政策以提高兼职教师工作拉力为主,但推力因素明显不足。需要进一步提升政策拉力的强度与灵活性、追踪政策拉力的实施与持续反馈以及着力强化推力的着力点与强度。

Part-time teachers are an important part of the teaching staff in vocational education and an important force for deepening the integration of production and teaching between school and enterprises.From the perspective of push-pull theory,we systematically combed the policy texts of part-time teachers in vocational education from 1985 to 2017 in China.From the analysis of government policies, schools,enterprises and individuals,we found that part-time teachers have experienced the development process of solving the shortage of teachers,improving the quality of teachers,leading them to participate in education and smoothing the two-way cooperation between schools and enterprises under the combined effect of "push-pull"theory.The dynamic balance between the push and pull of multiple stakeholders is the basis for the flow of high-quality talents in enterprises as part-time teachers.It is the key for the part-time teachers to maintain their stability and achieve long-term development.The current policy to improve the pull factors of part-time teachers,but the push factors is clearly insufficient.Therefore,there is a need to further enhance the intensity and flexibility of the policy pull factors to track the implementation of policy pull and continuous feedback,and to focus and strengthen the push factors.