汉语母语者英语塞音习得的实验研究

An Experimental Study on Chinese Students' Acquisition of English Plosives

本文采用语音实验的方法,通过构建塞音格局图的方式考察了汉语母语者英语六个塞音的习得情况。通过对塞音格局图的对比以及对数据的量化分析认为,汉语为母语的高级英语习得者在发英语塞音时,虽有一定的区分清浊的意识,但发音受到母语负迁移的影响依然较大,将浊塞音发成汉语清塞音趋势明显,其中对浊塞音[g]的习得情况最差,常用汉语母语的不送气清塞音[k]加以代替,甚至呈现范畴类差异。学习者对英语清塞音的习得较好。本实验结论基本验证了Flege的"语音学习模型理论",即对于较高水平学习者而言,相似音素更难习得,甚至出现"化石化"现象。实验也验证了Selinker的"中介语假说"。中国学生对于英语六个塞音的发音具有中介语特征。

By using the experimental methods and by constructing the Plosives Patterns,the current study explores Chinese students'acquisition of English plosives,By contrasting the plosives patterns and analyzing the data available,the paper obtains the following findings:Although Chinese learners have the sense of distinguishing voiced and unvoiced plosives in learning English,their pronunciation of them still influenced by the negative transfer of mother tongue to a large degree, ie.they tend to use the unvoiced plosives to replace the voiced ones,especially when pronouncing [g],which is replaced by Chinese non-aspirated unvoiced plosive so that the categorization difference is the result;Generally,the acquisition of English voiceless plosives is better than the voiced.The experiment proves Flege's theory of Speech Learning Mode,ie. similar speech sounds between two languages are more difficult to acquire for advanced learners.The study also proves Selinker's inter-language hypothesis because in the experiment Chinese learners present some inter-language characteristics in pronouncing the English plosives.