空间地上权:一项新型用益物权的生成

Space Superficies:Formation of a New Usufructuary Right

空间地上权乃是在他人土地地表上下的特定空间范围内,以保有其建筑物或其他工作物为目的而利用这一特定空间所产生的一项用益物权。然而《物权法》将该权利纳入建设用地使用权之中,否认其作为独立的物权的资格,该权利设定方式已不能适应当下以及未来空间权利制度生成的走向。空间地上权已然生成为一项新型的财产权利,应承认空间地上权独立物权之地位,为保持《物权法》逻辑结构的清晰与完整,当在用益物权编下单独成章并予以立法规制,如权利的设定、取得、登记、效力等诸项内容,且在未来的民法典中予以及时肯认。

The superficies of space is an usufructuary right which uses other specific spaces for the purpose of retaining structures or other objects within a specific scope of the space over the land or underground.The Property Law of the People's Republic of China sets up the space superficies in the part of the construction land use right,which denied the qualification as an independent property.This right mode's designing no longer adapts to the development of the legal system of air space right.Space superficies has been a new kind of property right,which should be recognized as an independent property right.In order to keep the logical structure of the Property Law clearly and completely,it should be set up as a chapter alone in the case of usufructuary right,including the enactment,registration,acquisition,effectiveness of space superficies.It also should be admitted timely in the prospective civil code.