美术学院与建筑教育

The cole des Beaux-Arts and Architectural Education

关于美术学校及其建筑教育的探讨,首先需要厘清两者的发展与演变的历史,了解布扎的教学体系及其发展机制.只有这样,才能较为客观地评价布扎对建筑教育的贡献和不足之处。作为一座有将近300年历史的艺术机构,美术学校的起源可以追溯到艺术与手工艺之间的分离,也就是学院派教育体系取代了学徒制教育体系,之后其经历了从、皇家建筑学院,法兰西学院到美术学校的转变。虽然曾受制于宫廷和国会,但美术学校在其发展中保留着自由主义传统,其教学既有创新,亦有守旧。文章详细论述了美术学校的历史发展脉络,介绍了布扎的教学方式和评价体系.并侧重其不足之处来评述布扎建筑教育,旨在为与作者同时代的美国建筑教育提出借鉴。

Concerning the discussion of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and its architectural education, the first thing that needs to be clarified is the historical development and evolution of the two, as well as Beaux-Arts’ s teaching system and its development mechanism. Only in this way can we more objectively evaluate the contribution and shortage of Beaux-Arts to architectural education. As an art institution with a history of nearly 300 years, the origin of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts can be traced back to the separation of fine arts from crafts. That is also the period when the apprenticeship system has been replaced by the academic education system, which has gone through the transition from Institut de France to the Royal Academy of Architecture and then to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Throughout the developing process, the Beaux-Arts system was characterized as both innovative and conservative. The article firstly discusses the historical development of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, introduces the teaching methods and evaluation system of the BeauxArts, and then focuses on its shortcomings while reviewing the architectural education under the Beaux-Arts system,aiming to put forward some suggestions for the author’s contemporary American architectural education.