论爬虫抓取数据行为的法律边界

The Theory of Web Crawler Technology's Legal Boundary

网络爬虫技术最早应用于搜索引擎,如今已广泛运用于诸多领域,随之而来的法律风险也引起业界的关注。介绍网络爬虫技术概念及基本原理,考察该技术的现实应用,通过对既有案件整理、归纳,梳理爬虫抓取数据行为产生的法律风险,对爬虫抓取数据行为的法律边界进行明确。主张在数字经济时代,界定行为法律边界需要兼顾权利人、网络服务提供者和社会公众利益,重点把握技术中立原则的适用边界、防止技术恶意使用行为;结合具体商业模式和行业特征,判断数据竞争手段的合理性;把握数据合理保护与防止垄断的平衡,警惕数据垄断行为。

The web crawler technology was first used in the field of search engine,nowadays,it has been widely used in many fields and the accompanying legal risks have also attracted the attention of the industry.Based on the concept and basic principles of web crawler technology,this paper analyzes the realistic application mode of web crawler technology and focuses on the analysis of legal risks arising from the web crawler technology by means of organizing and summarizing the existing cases.This paper mainly discusses the legal boundary of web crawler technology from the perspectives of information network transmission right,anti-unfair competition law and anti-monopoly law.This paper also proposes to focus on and balance the relationship between data privacy protection and data opening and sharing in the era of digital economy,and be vigilant against the monopolistic behavior that hinders data opening and sharing.