农户土地利用行为对耕地质量作用机制及传导路径——以沈阳市苏家屯区为例

Mechanism and Transmission Path of Households' Land Use Behavior to the Quality of Cultivated Land in the Process of Rapid Urbanization——Taking Sujiatun District, Shenyang as an Example

耕地质量保护是土地科学中最为活跃和前沿性的重要领域。本研究构建了基于农户土地利用行为的PRE理论分析框架,揭示了快速城镇化进程中农户土地利用行为变化对耕地质量影响之间因果链。并利用结构方程模型,以辽宁省沈阳市苏家屯区农户调研数据进行实证检验。研究结果表明:(1)潜变量快速城镇化、农户土地利用行为和耕地质量三者之间存在较为复杂的因果关系,具有较高的载荷系数,总效应为0.717,验证了理论分析框架;(2)快速城镇化进程中,城市扩张、经济结构、价格变化和政策制度安排等外部环境变化,是影响农户土地利用行为主要方面,且农户所处区域位置、农产品价格、从事非农产业人数和土地细碎化程度是主要影响因子;(3)农户作物种植选择方式和土地投入行为是直接影响耕地质量变化主要因素,其标准化路径系数分别是0.823和0.803。基于以上的研究结果,研究认为应该从农产品价格、适度推进土地流转、加强耕地质量保护方面政策宣传、加快保护性耕作技术的培育与指导等方面采取措施,实现快速城镇化进程中耕地质量的保护与提升。

The protection of the cultivated land quality is the most active and frontier field in land science. We constructed a theoretical analysis framework of PRE based on households' land use behavior, and revealed the causal chain between the change of households' land use behavior and the quality of cultivated land in the process of rapid urbanization. The structural equation model was used to test the households' survey data in Sujiatun District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province. There was a complex and causal relationship between the latent variables of rapid urbanization, household land use behavior and quality of cultivated land, the load coefficient was high, and the total effect was 0.717, which verified the theoretical analysis framework. In the process of rapid urbanization, city expansion, economic structure, price change, the institutional arrangements and policy changes in the external environment had major impacts on household land use behavior, and the location, the price of agricultural products, non-agricultural population and land fragmentation were the main influencing factors. The crop selection and land investment behavior were the main factors that directly affected the quality of cultivated land change. Their standardized path coefficients were 0.823 and 0.803, respectively. The research measures should be taken considering the guidance price of agricultural products, appropriate promotion of land circulation, strengthen the propaganda of the protection policy of cultivated land quality, and speed up the conservation tillage technology in order to realize the protection and improvement of the quality of cultivated land in rapid urbanization.