两种植物组织浸提液对重金属Mn污染土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of Aqueous Extracts from Two Plant Tissues on Enzyme Activity of the Soil Polluted by Manganese

伴随金属材料行业的不断发展,电解金属锰因为高纯度、低杂质的特点,仍然是众多合金中不可替代的重要原料之一,生产中带来的土壤污染问题也受到重视。作为覆盖于地球表面的疏松物质,土壤中时刻发生着复杂的生化反应,同时土壤酶是一类重要的生化催化剂,如土壤中的过氧化氢酶可以防止过氧化氢对生物体的毒害,并且与土壤有机质含量、微生物数量均有关系,而脲酶、磷酸酶直接影响土壤的养分状况,对反应的进行有重要意义。土壤上的众多植物会在生长过程中分泌有机、无机物质影响这些反应。回顾并简要概括当前国内外Mn污染土壤修复研究现状,并通过对两种景观植物三色堇和羽衣甘蓝的研究,制备不同浓度的组织浸提液,加入至不同程度的锰污染土壤中,探究其对Mn污染土壤中酶活性的影响。结果表明,两种植物的组织浸提液对土壤过氧化氢酶及酸性磷酸酶的活性均有一定程度的促进作用,对脲酶活性有显著抑制作用,为污染土壤修复过程中的精准施肥提供指导,并通过该现象的发现,证明两种植物均对锰污染土壤具有一定修复效应。

Electrolytic manganese (Mn), with high purity and low impurity, is one of the important irreplaceable materials during the development of metal material industry. Its production induced soil pollution and we should pay an attention to this problem. Soil enzyme is a significant biochemical catalyst. For example, soil catalase (CAT) protects organisms from the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide and changed the microbial quantity or soil organic matter content. Urease and phosphatase directly affect soil nutrients. Many plants secrete organic and inorganic substances during their growth, which would affect those enzyme activities. We reviewed and summarized the current research status of soil remediation polluted by Mn. Different concentrations of aqueous extracts from Viola tricolor L. and Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC. were added into soil polluted by Mn in order to study their influences on soil enzyme activities. The aqueous extracts from two plants promoted the activities of soil CAT and acid phosphatase, but significantly inhibited the soil urease activity. This would provide a guidance for accurate fertilization during soil remediation. These two plants have the repair effects on the soil polluted by Mn.