高质量发展中的创新组织方式转型研究

Research on the Transformation of Organizational Innovation in the High-Quality Development

近年来,我国创新成果在数量、形式和规模上都有较大突破,但高质量、颠覆性的创新仍显不足,其深层次原因主要是创新制度不足和组织缺陷。对转型国家来说,组织创新比技术创新更重要。从宏观层面看,主要有两种创新组织方式,即自上而下的创新组织方式和自下而上的创新组织方式。这两种创新组织方式在创新的来源、创新的投资主体及创新的导向机制三方面有较大不同。自上而下的创新组织方式在我国技术追赶时期发挥了重要作用,但目前与我国建立市场决定资源配置体制,企业为主体、市场为导向和产学研结合的创新体系改革,以及高质量发展不相适应。因此,在高质量发展过程中,我国应从自上而下的创新组织方式向自下而上的创新组织方式转变,把市场决定资源配置与举国体制结合起来;不能单纯为了引进技术而引进技术,而要以提高技术创新能力为目的,同时以相应的组织创新为根本保障;增强企业创新的动力和能力,实现从模仿创新向自主创新的转变,最终形成自下而上的创新组织方式。

Within recent years,China's innovations have made dramatic breakthroughs in quantities,forms and scales,but high-quality and subversive innovations are still insufficient.The deeper reasons are mainly the incomplete institutions and the defects of innovation organizations.To the transitional countries,the organizational innovations show much more significance than the technical innovations.From the macro aspect,there are two kinds of organization style of innovation,one is top -down,while the other is bottom-up.The two patterns differ greatly in origins,investment subjects and oriented mechanisms of innovation.Although the top -down innovation organizational pattern played an important role during the period of technological catching - up in China,now it no longer adapts to the high -quality development or the market -oriented resources allocation system or the innovation institutional reforms in which enterprises are main bodies,market acts as guidance and producing,studying and researching are combined.Therefore the innovation organizational style would be turned from top -down to bottom -up.Firstly market -oriented resources allocation system should be integrated with the "whole nation"system in China. Secondly technology should not be introduced just only for introducing,but to improve the ability of technical innovation with the guarantee of the corresponding organizational innovation.The last but not the least,the power and ability of enterprise innovation should be enhanced to make the transition from imitative innovation to independent innovation come true.Only in these ways innovation organizational pattern from below will be established finally.