2016年广州市中小学生维生素D补充剂使用情况及其影响因素分析

Vitamin D supplement use and influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou,2016

目的了解广州市中小学生维生素D补充剂的服用情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法采用横断面调查对广州市39所学校的小学二年级、初一和高一学生进行调查。调查内容包括学生的基本信息、身高、体重及维生素D补充剂的服用情况、父母的文化程度及家庭人均月收入。对调查结果进行描述性分析,并按年级分层,采用多因素logistic回归分析方法对维生素D补充剂服用的影响因素进行分析。结果本研究共纳入学生14 038人,其中男生7 178人(占51.13%)、女生6 860人(占48.87%)。调查对象中维生素D补充剂服用率为17.8%(2 500/14 038),小学二年级、初一及高一学生的维生素D补充剂服用率分别为28.5%、19.7%和12.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素分析结果显示,相比于父母文化程度为初中及以下者,父母文化程度在大专及以上的初一(OR=1.63)和高一(OR=1.64)学生维生素D补充剂服用率更高。与家庭人均月收入<5 000元者相比,≥10 000元的初一学生维生素D补充剂使用率更高(OR=1.50)。在小学二年级学生中,超重/肥胖学生的维生素D补充剂使用率是体重正常学生的0.73倍(OR=0.73)。结论广州市中小学生维生素D补充剂服用率偏低,父母文化程度及家庭收入可能是中小学生维生素D补充剂服用的影响因素。高年级以及超重或肥胖的学生应适当增加维生素D补充剂的服用。

Objective To understand the use of vitamin D (VD) supplements in primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou and explore factors influencing the VD supplement use. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among students of the second-grade in primary school, the first-grade in junior high school, and the first-grade in senior high school from 39 schools in Guangzhou. The survey included students' basic information, height, weight and the use of VD supplements, the educational level of parents and the average monthly per capita household income. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing VD supplement use. Results A total of 14 038 students were included in the study, including 7 178 boys (51.13%) and 6 860 girls (48.87%). The utilization rates of VD supplements were 17.8%(2 500/14 038) among all the respondents, and 28.5% (544/1 910), 19.7% (1 240/6 308) and 12.3% (716/5 820) for the second-grade students in primary school, first-grade students in junior high school and first-grade students in senior high school, respectively (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the utilization rate of VD supplements was higher in the first-grade junior high school (OR=1.63) and first-grade senior high school (OR=1.64) students whose parents' educational level was college and above, compared with the students whose parents' educational level was junior high school and below. Compared with those whose average monthly per capita household income was below 5 000 Yuan, the utilization rates of VD supplements for first-grade junior high school students whose average monthly per capita household income was ≥10 000 Yuan was higher (OR=1.50). Among the second-grade primary school students, overweight and obese students were less likely to use VD supplements than the normal weight ones (OR=0.73).Conclusion The use rate of VD supplements in primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou was low, and parents’ educational level and family income may be the factors influencing the use of VD supplements. The use of VD supplements should be increased appropriately for senior and overweight or obese students.