5052铝合金薄板数控渐进成形制件表面质量分析

Surface quality analysis of 5052 aluminum alloy thin sheet workpieces formed by numerical control incremental forming

为研究影响5052铝合金薄板数控渐进成形制件表面质量的因素,分别制备了成形角为60°的圆锥台件、成形角为45°的圆锥台件和成形角为45°的方锥台件。首先在金相显微镜下对试样表面进行观察,然后使用三维表面轮廓仪对试样表面进行定量测量;基于小波分析对测量数据进行预处理,提取试样表面的粗糙度成分;采用功率谱和表面三维表征参数分析影响表面质量的因素。研究发现,由于受到成形工具的碾压和拖动的影响,渐进成形制件表面的磨粒磨损、划痕现象比较严重;成形角是影响制件表面质量的重要因素,成形角越小,制件表面粗糙度越大;几何形状对制件表面粗糙度没有显著影响;功率谱和表面的三维表征参数能很好的表征渐进成形制件表面质量。

To study the factors influencing the surface quality of 5052 aluminum alloy thin sheet workpiece formed by numerical control incremental forming,the cone frustum piece with forming angle of 60° and 45°,and the square cone piece with forming angle of 45° were prepared,respectively. The surface of the sample was observed by a metallographic microscope firstly,and then was measured quantitatively by using three-dimensional surface profiler. The measurement data was pretreated based on wavelet analysis,and the roughness components of the sample surface were extracted. The factors affecting surface quality were analyzed by power spectrum and three dimensional surface characteristic parameters. It is found that due to the impact of rolling and dragging of the forming tools,the abrasive wear and scratches on the surface of the incremental forming parts are quite serious. The forming angle is an important factor affecting the surface quality of the workpiece,and the surface roughness increases with the decrease of the forming angle. The geometrical shape has no significant effect on the surface roughness of the workpiece. The three dimensional characteristic parameters of surface and power spectrum can be used to characterize the surface quality of incremental formed workpiece.