重庆市2016年中小学生肥胖现况及其对常见疾病的影响

Obesity and comorbid chronic diseases among primary and secondary school students in Chongqing in 2016

目的掌握重庆市中小学生肥胖基本情况及其对高血压、近视及龋齿等常见疾病的影响,为慢病在学龄期的预防与控制寻找方法。方法通过2016年重庆市中小学生体质健康监测数据,以体质量指数(BMI)为标准分析学生肥胖情况;通过对比肥胖组与非肥胖组间视力不良、龋齿、高血压等常见疾病检出率的差异,分析肥胖对学生其他常见疾病的影响。结果 2016年重庆市中小学生肥胖率为6.86%,其中男生为8.99%,女生为4.77%;小学生为9.31%,初中生为5.63%,高中生为4.09%,性别、学段间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。肥胖组轻度视力不良率左眼为19.60%,右眼为20.64%;中度左眼为9.42%,右眼为9.34%;重度左眼为24.97%,右眼为25.10%;乳龋检出率为17.71%,恒龋为3.21%,高血压检出率为8.65%。非肥胖组轻度视力不良率左眼为15.86%,右眼为16.02%;中度左眼为9.21%,右眼为9.30%;重度左眼为31.64%,右眼为32.32%;乳龋检出率为24.55%,恒龋为5.53%,高血压检出率为1.45%。轻度视力不良、重度视力不良、乳牙龋、恒牙龋、高血压检出率在肥胖组与非肥胖组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);中度视力不良检出率在肥胖组与非肥胖组间差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论肥胖率越高,轻度视力不良、高血压等的检出率越高,重度视力不良、乳牙龋、恒牙龋的检出率越低,对中度视力不良检出率影响不大。

Objective To understand obesity epidemic in primary and middle school students in Chongqing,and to analyze its association with common chronic diseases including hypertension,myopia and dental caries.Methods Data came from physical health surveillance of primary and secondary school students in Chongqing in 2016,obesity was defined according age-and sex-specific body mass index(BMI).The prevalence of common diseases including hypertension,poor eyesight and dental caries was compared between obese and non-obese students.Results In 2016,the overall obesity rate among primary and secondary school students in Chongqing was 6.86%,with 8.99% for boys and 4.77% for girls(P<0.01),9.31% for primary school,5.63% for junior middle school and 4.09% for senior middle school.In obesity students,mild low vision was 19.60% for left eye and 20.64% for right eye,moderate low vision was 9.42% for left eye and 9.34% for right eye,severe low vision was 24.97% for left eye and 25.10% for right eye.For students in primary school students,low vision was 42.72% for left eye and 44.81% for right eye.For students in junior middle schools,low vision was 66.31% for left eye and 67.38% for right eye.The figure was 80.23%and 80.60% for senior middle school students.Dental caries was found 17.71% in deciduous teeth and 3.21% for permanent teeth.About 8.65% of students were diagnosed with high blood pressure.For non-obese students,mild,moderate and severe low vision was 15.86% and 16.02%,9.21% and 9.30%,31.64% and 32.32%,for left and right eye,respectively.Low vision was 39.65%(left)and 40.46%(right)in primary school students,63.14%(left)and 64.23%(right)for junior middle school students,75.98%(left)and 77.0%(right)for high school students.Dental caries was found 24.55% in deciduous teeth and 5.53% for permanent teeth.About 1.45% of students were diagnosed with high blood pressure.Significant differences were observed in mild and severe low vision,low vision in primary school students,deciduous tooth caries,permanent tooth caries,and high blood pressure between obese and non-obese groups(P<0.01).Moderate low vision,low vision rate in junior and high school in obese students did not differ with non-obese peers(P >0.05).Conclusions Obesity showed adverse effects on chronic diseases including low vision,dental caries and high blood pressure in students in Chongqing during 2016.Prevalence of common chronic diseases increased with severity of obesity, however,no significant effects were observed for moderate low vision and low vision in middle school students.