石煤型钒矿预富集技术研究现状

Research Status of Pre-concentration Technology of Stone Coal Type Vanadium Ore

当前石煤提钒一般采用湿法浸出工艺,由于矿石钒品位低,造成浸出过程酸(碱)消耗量大。在浸出前对石煤钒矿预富集,能大幅降低生产成本。总结了我国石煤钒矿预富集技术的发展成果,重点介绍了擦洗工艺、重选工艺、浮选工艺和联合选矿工艺。对于采用常规的重选、磁选、浮选工艺难以有效富集的细粒黏土型石煤钒矿,利用其矿物硬度上或形状上的差异应用擦洗工艺能有效地富集。重选工艺处理量大、设备结构简单、成本低廉。浮选工艺应用范围广、适应性强、分选效率高,可以分选赋存状态复杂、嵌布粒度细的石煤钒矿,浮选富集的产品品质一般较高。组分复杂的石煤钒矿,采用单一选矿工艺难以高效地将含钒矿物和脉石矿物分离,可根据矿石特性进行联合工艺富集回收,以发挥各种工艺的优势,提高预富集效果。石煤钒矿预富集大幅减少了后续浸出的矿石处理量,钒浸出率显著提升,降低了生产成本。关于石煤型钒矿浮选药剂研究较少,今后可结合当前先进的分子模拟技术进行分子动力学机理研究浮选药剂与矿物表面的作用,开发更为新型高效的浮选药剂;研制适用于石煤钒矿重选的选别设备;在生产中逐渐淡化传统的选矿和冶金的界线,选冶联合发展,改进工艺流程,提高石煤资源的综合利用率。

At present,wet process is usually adopted for vanadium extraction from stone coal. Due to the low grade of vanadium,the consumption of acid and alkali in leaching process is large. Pre-enrichment of the vanadium ore deposit before leaching can significantly reduce production costs. Summarizes the development results of the pre concentration technology of China’s stone coal vanadium ore,and mainly introduces the scrubbing process,gravity separation process,flotation process and combined mineral processing technology. For the fine-grained clay-type stone-coal-vanadium ore,which is difficult to be effectively enriched by conventional heavy,magnetic and flotation ore processes,the scrubbing process can be effectively enriched by utilizing the difference in hardness or shape of the mineral. The re-election process has large amount of processing capacity,simple equipment structure,and low cost,and the pre-enrichment of stone-coal vanadium ore should be given preference. The flotation process has a wide range of applications,strong adaptability,and high sorting efficiency. It can be used to sort the stone-coal vanadium deposits with complicated state of occurrence and fine grain size,and the product quality of flotation and enrichment is generally higher. With the complex composition of the stone-coal vanadium ore,it is difficult to efficiently separate the vanadium-bearing minerals from gangue minerals by using single beneficiation process,and other processes may be combined and enriched and recovered according to the characteristics of the ore. The coal-vanadium ore pre-enrichment technology has been gradually reduced the processing capacity,the vanadium leaching rate has been significantly increased,and the production cost has been reduced. In the future,advanced molecular modeling technology studies molecular dynamics mechanisms to study the role of flotation chemicals and mineral surfaces,develops new and more efficient flotation agents,and develops gravity separation equipment that is suitable for vanadium ore. In the production process,the traditional mineral processing and metallurgical boundaries will be gradually diverted,and the combination of smelting and metallurgy will be developed to improve the process and improve the utilization of stone coal resources.