解淀粉芽孢杆菌MY001菌株对几丁质的降解及对芦笋茎枯病菌的拮抗作用

Degradation of chitin and antagonism in Phomopsis asparagi by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MY001

几丁质每年自然总产量高达100亿吨,目前由于工业上缺乏清洁高效的几丁质降解工艺,几丁质资源的利用受到严重制约.以壳聚糖为唯一碳源从土壤中分离筛选出一株具有产壳聚糖酶能力的菌株MY001,发酵上清酶活力约为2.7 U/mg,利用16S rDNA、gyrA及gyrB基因测序的方法将该菌株鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).通过分析MY001菌株在不同培养基中的生长曲线特点,结合MY001菌株降解后的几丁质的扫描电镜观察结果,发现该菌株可以直接利用几丁质.另外,发现该菌株对芦笋茎枯病菌[Phomopsis asparagi (Sacc.) Bubak]具有拮抗作用.当胶体几丁质和MY001菌株同时存在时,对芦笋茎枯病菌的抑制更加明显.上述结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌MY001菌株具有降解几丁质和拮抗芦笋茎枯病菌的功能,而且添加几丁质具有拮抗增效作用,因此该菌株有望用于几丁质资源清洁利用和农作物真菌病害生物防治.

About 10 billion tons of chitin, a natural polymer, is generated annually. However, the utilization of chitin was hindered because of the lack of a clean and effective degradation process. In this study, bacterial strains with chitosanase-producing ability were isolated from soil and identified using 16S rDNA, gyrA, and gyrB gene sequence analysis. In addition, the degradation of insoluble chitin and antifungal capability of the bacterial strains were investigated. One selected isolate was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain MY001. It showed antagonistic effect on Phomopsis asparagi (Sacc.) Bubak and could degrade insoluble chitin. The combination of chitin/chitosan and MY001 strain could enhance the inhibition on the growth of P. asparagi. In conclusion, strain B. amyloliquefaciens MY001 can directly degrade chitin. The combination of MY001 strain with chitin shows more effective inhibition on P. asparagi growth. These results suggest the direct utilization of chitin against fungal diseases of crops.