少根紫萍对微污染地表水的净化及淀粉积累能力

Duckweed Landoltia punctata purifies micro-polluted surface water and produces starch

根据地表水环境质量标准研究少根紫萍(Landoltia punctata)对微污染地表水的净化效果,同时,对其淀粉积累能力进行评价.结果显示,少根紫萍对微污染地表水体可以实现深度处理,经处理的Ⅴ类、劣Ⅴ类水体中氨氮(NH4+-N)和总磷(TP)均在1d内提升一个水质级别,在3d内达到地表Ⅱ类水标准(NH4+-N<0.15mg/L,TP<0.09mg/L),且氮、磷去除率均达到98.5%和82.9%以上.此外,少根紫萍在快速修复水体的同时能大量积累淀粉.处理3 d,Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类水处理中浮萍干重的淀粉含量分别为28.38%、21.57%,15 d后达到52.15%、49.58%.另外研究发现,额外添加二氧化碳(CO2)对淀粉积累有进一步促进作用.处理3 d淀粉含量相比未添加CO2提升了55.7%,平均淀粉积累速率提高了2.72倍.因此,少根紫萍不仅能够快速净化微污染水体,同时也能积累大量的淀粉干物质,结果可为实际污水处理及后期少根紫萍资源化应用提供参考.

Aquatic plant duckweed has remarkable potential in nutritional water purification and starch accumulation;at present, it has received increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the ability of duckweed in nutrient recovery from micro-polluted surface water;further, the starch accumulation capacity of duckweed was evaluated. The results showed that duckweed can achieve better depth treatment of the micro-polluted surface water, within 1-day treatment, by duckweed. Ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus status of Class V and worse than class V water was improved to a superior level;moreover, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates were 98.5% and 82.9%, respectively. In addition, duckweed can rapidly accumulate starch during water treatment. The starch content of duckweed was 28.38% and 21.57% (dry weight) in Class V and worse than class V wastewater after 3 days of treatment, respectively, and reached 52.15% and 49.58% on day 15. Moreover, additional carbon dioxide (CO2) supplementation promoted the starch production. The starch content increased by 55.7% compared with that of control, and the average starch accumulation rate increased by 2.72 times in 3 days. Therefore, duckweed can not only rapidly purify micro-polluted water, but also accumulate a large amount of starch. This study forms the basis for wastewater treatment and post-treatment utilization of duckweed biomass.