五味降压散对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响以及降压特点研究

Antihypertensive effects of Wuwei Jiangya San on spontaneously hypertensive rats

目的考察五味降压散对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压的影响,并且比较五味降压散、三草降压汤和牛黄降压丸对SHR不同的降压特点。方法 40只14周龄SHR大鼠随机分为模型组、五味降压散组、三草降压汤组、牛黄降压丸组,10只WKY作为正常组。给药10周,给药期间,每周动态观察5组大鼠的收缩压(SBP)、心率变化以及旋转耐受时间,后取材用HE染色法观察心、肝、肾的病理变化。结果与正常组比较,模型组SBP持续升高(P <0. 05),旋转耐受时间减少。与模型组比较,五味降压散组在给药2周时起效明显(P <0. 05),到4周后SBP维持平稳低水平;旋转耐受时间也在后期维持平稳状态。三草降压汤组在给药0～4周内起效,4～8周内SBP改善。牛黄降压丸组在给药0～2周内有降压效果,旋转耐受时间在给药后持续增加。五味降压散、三草降压汤和牛黄降压丸对SHR大鼠心、肝、肾组织的病变程度均有一定的改善作用,且五味降压散作用更明显。结论与三草降压汤和牛黄降压丸对SHR大鼠降压作用特点比较,五味降压散起效较慢,但降压平稳、持久,并且具有镇静,稳定心率,改善肝肾病变更明显的作用。

Objective To study the effects of Wuwei Jiangya San( five-ingredient antihypertensive formula,WWJY) on spontaneously hypertensive rats and compare the antihypertensive characteristics of WWJY formula,Sancao Jiangya( three-herb antihypertensive,SCJY) decoction and Niuhuang Jiangya( Calculus Bovis antihypertensive,NHJY) pill on spontaneously hypertensive rats( SHR). Methods Forty SHR rats of 14-week-old were randomly divided into four groups: model group,WWJY formula group,SCJY decoction group and NHJY pill group,Wistar-Kyoto( WKY) rats as control group. The blood pressurewas monitored for 10 weeks. Then the changes of the blood pressure,heart rate and rotation tolerance time were observed every week. Samples were taken,to observe the pathological changes of the rats by using HE staining method. Results Compared with control group,the systolic blood pressure( SBP) of model group showed an upward trend( P < 0. 05),and the rotation tolerance time decreased.Compared with model group,WWJY formula was markedly effective after two weeks( P < 0. 05),and the SBP was stabled after four-week administration,and the rotation tolerance time were also maintained stable in the later period. SCJY decoction was effective at 0-4 weeks,as the SBP of the group showed inprovement within 4-8 weeks. NHJY pill showed anti-hypertensive effect at week 2. The rotation tolerance duration continuously increased after administration. Compared with model group,the pathological changes in the heart,kidney,and liver tissues were alleviated and improved in all three other interventional groups,especialy in the WWJY group. Conclusion The blood pressure lowering effect of WWJY formula on SHR rats seems to kick in later yet the effect is constant and sustained at the later period,compared to the SCJY decoction and NHJY pill. WWJY formula also has tranquilizing effects,keeping heart rate stable and relieving the pathological damage of liver and kidney.