通化冰雹发生规律及防御上的几点思考

Considerations on the Occurring Rules and Defenses of Hail in Tonghua

利用1981～2017年共37年的冰雹气象观测资料,分析了通化地区冰雹的时空变化规律。结果表明,随着年代的推移冰雹发生次数在逐渐减少,但最大冰雹却有跳跃式增大趋势;强度能够达到重雹,但以轻雹为主;冰雹一般只发生在4～10月份,主要发生在5～6月份,也是冰雹强度最大的季节;主要产生在中午前后至傍晚,即11时到18时,其间又以13时到16时产生冰雹的概率为最大,这也与强冰雹出现的时间段相吻合;总体上北部降雹次数要多于南部,降雹以单站发生居多。冷涡天气影响下单站降雹可连日或多日发生,或多日内多站先后发生。通化防雹工作仍不容忽视,在防御上可根据时间、季节的变化规律、特征综合进行,以使防雹工作精准、高效。

The temporal and spatial variation of hail in Tonghua was analyzed in the paper using the meteorological observation data of hail from 1981 to 2017. The results showed that the number of hail has been decreasing gradually, but the maximum hail has the tendency to jump. The strength reached heavy hail, but mainly light hail. Hail usually occurred only from April to October, mainly from May to June, which was the heaviest hail season. It was mainly produced from around noon to early evening, that is, between 11:00 and 18:00, and especially between 13:00 and 16: 00, which was consistent with the time period of strong hail. The frequency of hail in north area was higher than that in south area, and the hail mostly occurred at one station. Under the cold-vortex weather influence, the hail could occur in one station for days, or occurred in several stations successively. The anti-hail work in Tonghua should not be neglected, and the defense work should base on the changing rules and characteristics of time and season, as to make the anti-hail work accurate and efficient.