柳州城区学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的现况研究

A study on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) among preschool children in Liuzhou city

目的调查柳州市城区学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的流行现况及影响因素。方法采用随机整群分层抽样的方法,利用Conners父母症状问卷和自制的影响因素问卷对柳州市城区5所幼儿园共2278名2～6岁儿童进行筛查。结果收回有效问卷2128份,筛查阳性儿童132名,学龄前儿童ADHD筛查阳性率为6. 20%,男女比例为3. 1∶1(χ2=33. 723,P=0. 000),筛查阳性率随着儿童年龄增长而增高,不同民族之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=7. 541,P=0. 346);多因素Logistics分析结果显示女性是可疑ADHD的保护因素(OR=0. 31),母亲妊娠期有合并症(OR=1. 29)和有新生儿窒息或胎儿窘迫(OR=2. 01)是危险因素。结论 ADHD的发生与儿童性别、母亲是否有妊娠期合并症及新生儿窒息或胎儿窘迫有关。学龄前儿童ADHD问题不容忽视,应引起家长和医护人员的重视。

Objective To study the prevalence and influencing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) among preschool children in Liuzhou city. Methods With the method of cluster stratified random sampling,2278 preschool children from 5 kindergartens have been surveyed using general information questionnaire and Conners’Parent Rating Scale ( CPRS) . Results A total of 2128 valid questionnaires were collected,and 132 preschool children were screening e with ADHD. The positive rate of ADHD screening in preschool children was 6.20%,and the ratio of boys to girls is 3.1 to 1 ( χ^2 =33.723,P =0. 000) . The screening positive rate increased with age. There were no significant differences among different ethnic groups ( χ^2 = 7. 541,P = 0. 346) . The results of regression analysis showed Gender ( female) was a protective factor of ADHD ( OR =0.31) . Mother with pregnancy complication r ( OR = 1.29) ,fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia ( OR =2. 01) were the risk factors of ADHD among preschool children. Conclusion The occurrence of ADHD is related to the sex of children,whether the mother has complications during pregnancy and neonatal asphyxia or fetal distress. The ADHD of preschool children can not be ignored,which should be paid attention to by parents and doctors and nurses.