听力障碍学生生殖健康知识状况调查

Sexual and reproductive health knowledge of students with hearing impairment

目的了解城市和农村地区听力障碍学生的生殖健康知识现状、获取途径和障碍,为加强听力障碍学生性与生殖健康教育提供科学依据。方法:采用定性研究和定量研究相结合的方法在上海市区和陕西农村地区进行调查。定性研究包括对4组听障学生的小组访谈,对7名听力障碍学生家长和7名学校老师的个人深入访谈;定量研究包括4所特殊学校207名15～24岁听力障碍学生的匿名问卷调查。结果听力障碍学生生殖生理知识、艾滋病知识和避孕知识水平均较低,对月经和遗精的知晓情况分别为21.26%和41.55%;对艾滋病传播途径的知晓率为47.83%～62.32%;分别有17.87%和20.29%的调查对象没有听说过任何避孕方法和不知道从何处获取避孕药具。各类知识知晓情况均是城市高于农村。听力障碍学生生殖健康知识来源主要为学校、同伴、父母和网络,希望获取知识的途径与之类似,在获取生殖健康知识过程中存在的主要困难是"不知道从哪里获取知识"(42.51%)、"不好意思去了解这方面的知识"(41.06%)。结论听力障碍学生生殖健康知识十分匮乏,特别是农村学生,应重视和加强听力障碍学生性与生殖健康教育。

Objective To understand sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge, accessibility and access barriers to SRH information among students with hearing impairment in urban and rural areas.Methods Qualitative and quantitative methods were employed to collect data in Shanghai and rural Shaanxi province. Semi-structured focus group interview was adopted for 4 groups of students with hearing impairment, and in-depth interview was adopted for 7 parents and 7 teachers. A total of 207 students with hearing impairment aged 15 to 24 years from 4 special schools were surveyed using anonymous questionnaires.Results Hearing impaired students had poor knowledge about sexual physiology, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and contraception. Respectively 21.26% and 41.55% were aware of menstruation and spermatorrhea. Ranged from 47.83% to 62.32% students knew transmission routes of AIDS. About 17.87% and 20.29% of the respondents didn’t know any kind of contraceptive methods and where to obtain contraceptives, respectively. Urban students had better awareness about each category of SRH knowledge than rural students. The main sources of SRH knowledge of students with hearing impairment were schools, peers, parents and internet. Their preferred channels to obtain SRH knowledge were similar to their main sources. The main difficulties they faced in accessing information on SRH were "don’t know where to acquire the knowledge" (42.51%), "feel embarrassed to get the knowledge" (41.06%).Conclusion Students with hearing impairment severely lacked SRH knowledge, especially those in rural areas. More attention should be paid to strengthen SRH education among hearing impaired students.