中国母婴营养健康研究队列与进展

Progress in a birth cohort of maternal and infant nutrition/health in China

生命早期1000天(母亲怀孕到幼儿2周岁)是膳食营养影响一生健康的关键窗口期,成年期疾病的预防应从生命早期开始.出生队列研究是探讨多种暴露因素与不良妊娠结局及出生缺陷的关系、生命早期暴露对终身健康影响的优选方法.中国母婴营养健康研究队列(China maternal and infant nutrition health cohort study, MINC)是国家母婴乳品健康工程技术研究中心启动的多地区健康母婴营养研究出生队列,重点研究早期膳食营养、喂养方式、生活习惯等与婴儿肠道菌群和近期、远期健康的相关性,探索成人非感染性疾病的早期营养干预预防措施,指导婴幼儿科学喂养.本文介绍了MINC背景、结构、研究目的及队列已入组人群、生物样本收集、母乳成分、肠道菌群等研究进展.

The first 1000d from the beginning of pregnancy to the age of 2years is widely recognized as a critical period in which optimum nutrition is the foundation for a healthy life.Increasing evidence has shown that early colonization of microbes in the infant's gut,which is greatly affected by feeding type,delivery mode,antibiotics,and other environmental factors, is directly correlated with later chronic diseases.These diseases include obesity,diabetes,and allergic diseases.A birth cohort study is the preferred method to examine the relationships between multiple exposure factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes,birth defects,and health throughout life.There have been nearly 100large-scale birth Cohort studies in the United States and Europe for forming dietary reference intakes (DRIs)for children.However,children's DRIs in China rely on WHO survey data from populations of Europe and the United States.Therefore,there is a critical requirement for population-based,prospective cohort studies in China to clarify the effects of early nutrition on later life.The China maternal and infant nutrition health cohort (MINC)study was a cross-sectional,prospective birth cohort that was launched by the National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal & Child Health in 2014.This study focused on the effect of early dietary nutrition,feeding and dietary habits on the gut microbiome,and short-and long-term health of infants.The objectives of this study were to investigate the determinants of adult non-infectious disease and the DRIs for mothers and children.In this cohort,a total of 5200 parent-infant pairs will be recruited from 11 provinces and regions in China,and be followed up to 2years postpartum for mothers and to 18years for infants.Between December 2014and December 2017,1745 people from the six cities of B eijing,Luoyang,Tangshan,Qianan,Liuyang,and Suzhou,including 157 pregnant women,805 mothers,and 783newborns,were recruited for the MINC study.Various data,such as demographic,obstetric,occupational,nutritional,medical,and neuropsychological factors,were collected by interviews and laboratory tests.A total of 20057 biological samples were collected,including breast milk,stool,urine,and saliva samples.Researchers have already analyzed nearly 3000milk samples from the MINC study,where hundreds of components were determined,such as macronutrients,whey protein,amino acids,fatty acids,milk fat globule membrane proteins, and oligosaccharides.A relatively complete database of Chinese breast milk nutrition was established from colostrum and transitional milk to mature milk of 12months.The MINC study will continue to recruit mothers and their newborns from other cities,and the cohort will be followed up for 2-18 years.Appropriate intervention strategies will be proposed based on the findings generated from this cohort study.