2007—2017年云南省水痘流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella cases in Yunnan Province from 2007 to 2017

目的分析2007—2017年云南省水痘流行病学特征。方法 整群抽样,对云南省近11年水痘疫情及学校突发公共卫生事件进行描述性分析。结果2007—2017年,云南省共报告水痘发病数137 244例,以每年上升14.31%的速度递增;年平均报告发病率为26.94/10万,以每年上升1.14倍的速度递增。发病时间呈双高峰分布,分别为5—7月(占33.96%)和11月—次年1月(占32.35%)。高发地区主要为滇西北的迪庆州(97.83/10万),滇中的楚雄州(63.09/10万)和昆明市(40.53/10万),滇西的德宏州(47.36/10万)和保山市(39.17/10万)。发病数男、女性别比为1.58∶1,发病人群以14岁以下人群为主,占76.36%。水痘突发公共卫生事件主要发生在农村小学,占65.23%(197/302)。结论 云南省水痘疫情持续逐年增长,形式严峻。应在青少年人群和高发地区鼓励开展水痘疫苗的常规预防接种。应重视农村小学、幼儿园水痘突发公共卫生事件管理及处置,并加大监管和健康教育力度。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of varicella cases in Yunnan Province from 2007 to 2017. Methods The data of varicella cases reported from China CDC System were collected by using the cluster sampling methodand descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 137244 varicella cases were reported in this area from 2007 to 2017, increasing by 14.31% each year. The annual average reported incidence was 26.94/105, increasing by 1.14 times a year. The onset time showed double peaks which were from May to July (33.96%) and November to January (32.35%), respectively. The high-prevalence prefectures were Diqing (97.83/105) which locates in the northwest of Yunnan Province, Chuxiong (63.09/105) which locates in the center of the province and Kunming City (40.53/105) where there were more floating population, and Dehong (47.36/105) and Baoshan City (39.17/105) which locates in the west of the province. The sex ratio of incidence for men to women was 1.58:1. The adolescents under 14 years showed the highest incidence (76.36%). The varicella public health events occurred mainly in rural primary schools, accounting for 65.23% (197/302). Conclusion The epidemic situation of varicella in Yunnan Province has increased year by year, which is severe. Therefore, the routine vaccinations for varicella should be encouraged in the adolescent population and in high-incidence areas. More attention should be paid on public health events of varicella in rural primary schools and kindergartens, and the supervision and health education in these occasions should be strengthened.