从出土文献看汉代《老子》文本及流传

Unearthed Literature Shed Lights on Laozi and its Dissemination in Han

汉初的《老子》流传并未出现一种拥有较显著流传优势的"通行本",其时的《老子》不仅拥有不同的文本方案,即便在相同的文本结构框架之下,还存有内容元素渊源有自的不同"族本",汉初的《老子》文本还处于尚未定型的阶段。从汉初至北大汉简《老子》及《淮南子》成书之时,世所流传的《老子》文本线索较为复杂,今传《老子》各本当各有其文本依据,不太可能是在汉简《老子》的基础上进行章段裁划的结果。北大汉简《老子》并未显示出明显的流传优势,对于北大汉简《老子》的文本性质当有更加合理的认识。

The popular edition of Laozi could not be found in the early Han.Not only were there different editions of Laozi but even differing textual components could be found in the same edition of Laozi.The history of the dissemination of Laozi,which extends from the early Han down to the publication of Laozi and Huainanzi based on unearthed Han slips preserved in Peking University (PKU),is quite complicated.The present author contends that the PKU edition of Laozi could by no means be the mother edition of existing Laozi.