书写、记忆与权力:南宋至明初琉球书写的转变及动因

Writing,Memory and Power: the Change of Historical Writing about Ryukyu and Its Reasons from the Southern Song to the Early Ming Dynasty

历史文献中,琉球指向多歧,以往研究主要考察各时期琉球名号的所指,对以琉球为对象的历史书写则注意无多。南宋至明初,琉球书写发生两次转变。第一次是琉球位置的叙述变化:《诸蕃志》系列文本对彭湖、毗舍耶国、琉球位置关系的叙述,取代《隋书·流求传》对前往琉球航路的叙述。这次变化受毗舍耶入寇的历史记忆影响。第二次变化是明初大小琉球概念出现,以及《隋书》《元史》的琉球记载与中山国结合。这一变化受到明初统治者树立政权合法性和君主权威的权力诉求的影响。

In different historical documents,Ryukyu's meanings are different.The previous studies mainly investigated the realities the name of Ryukyu coveting,but paid little attention to the historical writing of Ryu- kyu.From the Southern Song to the early Ming Dynasty,two changes take place in the historical writing of Ryukyu.The first one is that Ryukyu,Pi she ye (毗舍耶国)and Penghu(彭湖),the three places' position relation in the book named Zhufanzhi (诸蕃志)replaces the route to Ryukyu in the book of Suishu(隋书).The change is related to the Historical Memory about Pi she ye's invasion.The second change is the creation of the concepts of the Large Ryukyu and the Small Ryukyu,and the combination of Ryukyu historical records and Zhongshan Country(中山国).This change is influenced by the power,demands of the rulers in the Early Ming Dynasty to establish the legitimacy of the political power and the authority of the monarch.