商人团体与货币改革——以20世纪30年代国民政府货币改革为中心

Merchant Groups and the Reformation of Currency Systems——Center on the Currency Reformation by the National Government in 1930s

国民政府建政南京以后,为统一混乱的货币市场,在1933、1935年先后通过实施"废两改元""法币改革"逐步实现了货币度量与发行的统一。上海、天津、汉口等商业大埠的商会鉴于金融市场稳定以及市场贸易的需求,对于涉及自身商业利益的货币改革尤为关注。商人团体围绕政府货币改革方案的拟定、新旧货币折合比率、货币信用构建等问题与政府展开了充分的博弈与合作。银行公会、钱业公会对政府所拟定的兑换方案、维护新币的信用方案上存在诸多争议。尽管两次大规模币制改革均为政府主导,但不可否认的是,从货币改革酝酿到具体推行中,商人团体发挥着重要的作用。国民政府货币改革并非完全由财政金融部门直接控制和实施,而是在相当程度上借助了民间商人组织资源。政府在实施国家财政货币治理方面,十分重视商人团体的意见,并一定程度上对币改意见予以采纳。对商人团体与国民政府围绕货币改革的多维互动面相进行探索,可以深入理解20世纪30年代货币改革的复杂历程。

Although the two large-scale currency system reforms in 1933 and 1935 were led by the National Government,it was undeniable that,from the currency reform brewing to the concrete implementation,the merchant group played an important role. The monetary reform of the national government was not controlled and implemented directly by the financial sector,but with the help of private businessmen organization resources to a certain extent. The National Government still attached great importance to the opinions of merchants’ groups in the implementation of national financial and monetary governance,and to some extent adopted their opinions on currency reform. It was possible to understand the complex course of monetary reform in 1930 s by exploring the multidimensional interactions between the merchant group and the national government around currency reform.