教育体系演变史视野下的“五七公社”典型工程设计教学——以四平大楼的教学和设计为例

Project-based Design Teaching at the Tongji "Five-Seven Commune" in Perspective of Education System Transformation:A Case Study of Siping Apartment Building

四平大楼是由戴复东1975年带领同济师生进行典型工程设计教学而诞生的建筑作品。结合典型工程进行设计教学,是教育革命中作为土木建筑单科类新型工科大学试点的同济大学"五七公社"所实验的"新型"设计教学方法。文章简略梳理了同济大学"五七公社"建筑学专业相关教材,并深入解读与四平大楼设计教学直接相关的自编教材《住宅建筑设计》《高层住宅实例汇编》。在此基础上,文章阐明四平大楼为代表的典型工程设计教学在整体教学计划中的定位;同时通过对设计图纸等信息的解读,力图呈现四平大楼的教学与设计过程;最后从建筑教育体系演变史角度,指出四平大楼为代表的典型工程设计教学的历史经验与研究价值,以及对当下建筑教育和设计实践的启发。

In 1975,DAI Fudong led a group of students and teachers at Tongji University "Five-Seven Commune" and completed the project of Siping Apartment Building through the design teaching.Design teaching in combination with typical projects is a new method adopted by the Tongji "Five-Seven Commune",which was a pilot project of the new architecture and civil engineering university during the "Cultural Revolution".This article briefly reviews the textbooks on architecture of Tongji "Five-Seven Commune"and interprets "Residential Architectural Design"(pilot version)and "Case Studies of High-rise Residential Architecture",both of which were directly related to the design teaching of Siping Apartment Building.On this basis,the article clarifies the positioning of typical project design teaching course in the overall teaching plan.At the same time,through the interpretation of relevant design drawings and other information,it tries to present the teaching and design process of Siping Apartment Building.Finally,it points out the historical experience of design and teaching of Siping Apartment Building, as well as the significance in relation to current architectural education and practice.