用于锂金属负极的轻质、高掺氮量碳纳米纤维基三维集流体（英文）

A lightweight carbon nanofiber-based 3D structured matrix with high nitrogen-doping level for lithium metal anodes

锂金属是未来二次电池实现高能量密度化的关键负极材料,然而,如何实现锂金属的均匀和无枝晶沉积是目前制约其实际应用的关键问题.本论文采用静电纺丝技术及高温碳化方法制备了一种轻质、高掺氮量(9.5 at%)的三维碳纳米纤维集流体.该集流体较低的密度能提升基于整个电池的能量密度,而且高掺氮量使其具备亲锂的特性,从而有效降低锂离子在其表面的初始形核过电位,得到均匀的金属锂种子层,实现后续金属锂的均匀沉积.这种三维结构有效抑制了锂枝晶的产生,降低了电池的极化,金属锂沉积/脱除测试中其库伦效率在循环250圈后仍可保持在98%以上.将其沉积金属锂后与LiFePO_4组装全电池,电池极化降低,在循环300圈后容量保持率可达82.4%,表现出很好的应用前景.

Lithium metal is considered to be the most promising anode material for the next-generation rechargeable batteries. However, the uniform and dendrite-free deposition of Li metal anode is hard to achieve, hindering its practical applications. Herein, a lightweight, free-standing and nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber-based 3D structured conductive matrix(NCNF), which is characterized by a robust and interconnected 3D network with high doping level of 9.5 at%, is prepared by electrospinning as the current collector for Li metal anode. Uniform Li nucleation with reduced polarization and dendrite-free Li deposition are achieved because the NCNF with high nitrogen-doping level and high conductivity provide abundant and homogenous metallic Li nucleation and deposition sites. Excellent cycling stability with high coulombic efficiency are realized. The Li plated NCNF was paired with LiFePO4 to assemble the full battery, also showing high cyclic stability.