利福平和异烟肼致皮肤过敏反应及脱敏疗法的研究进展

Research progress of desensitization therapy and cutaneous adverse drug reactions induced by rifampicin and isoniazid

利福平及异烟肼作为治疗结核病的核心药物,可发生迟发性皮肤过敏反应,甚至出现史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征(SJS)、药物超敏反应综合征(drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome,DIHS)等全身性重度过敏反应,威胁患者的生命安全。识别致敏药物、启动脱敏疗法成为保证抗结核药物治疗安全有效进行的关键。作者就利福平及异烟肼致皮肤过敏反应的机制、常见临床表现、致敏药物检测及脱敏治疗方案进行文献综述与分析总结,以期为两种药物临床脱敏治疗提供一定参考。

Rifampicin and isoniazid, as the core drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis, can cause delayed allergic reactions, even severe adverse reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) and other severe allergic systemic symptoms, threatening the life safety of patients. Identification of allergenic drugs and implementation of desensitization therapy have become the key to safe and effective anti-tuberculosis therapy. In this article, we made a comprehensive literature review, and analyzed and summarized the sensitizing mechanisms of rifampicin and isoniazid in skin anaphylaxis, the common clinical manifestations, the detection of sensitizing drugs and the desensitization therapeutic scheme, so as to provide references for the desensitization treatment of these two drugs.