地质灾害应急演练的基本问题

Practice of emergency response in risk reduction of geological hazards

应急演练是建设灾害风险适应性强的社会和有准备的防灾减灾文化的重要途径。一般地,应急演练是按照综合预案或专门预案编制脚本开展的。应急演练的目的是检查应急预案是否具有科学性、实用性、全面性和可操作性,检验提升应急机构、人员协同应对能力和装备、物质、勤务等的保障能力。作者陈述了模拟、实战、综合、专项等演练类型及其组合应用。结合地质灾害防治需要,讨论了不同层面应急演练的目的要求,包括综合演练、公共管理、城乡社区、工程企业和技术支持等。从管理决策科学技术支持的角度,提出了地质灾害调查评估、监测预警和应急处置等方面应急演练的基本要求。

Emergency exercise is an important way which builds a strong flexibility of society and ready culture in disaster risk reduction.In general,it is implemented according to drilling scenarios compiled based on an integrated or single/special plan.The purpose of emergency exercise would be to check up that contingency plan is whether or not of scientificalness,practicability,comprehensiveness and maneuverability,and checkout and promote capacity construction of safeguard in emergency institutions,equipments,materials and logistics.Author introduces basic concepts of simulating,actual combat,integrated and special emergency drillings in this paper.The different objectives and requirements have been discussed that consists of integrated,public management,urban or rural community,engineering enterprise and technical support drillings,which combines with needs in mitigation of geological hazards.Some fundamental claims have been proposed in emergency drillings that includes survey and assessment,monitoring and early warning and emergency engineering control for to geo-hazards,etc.which serves in decision-making.support of public management.