我国中老年口腔健康影响因素及其公平性研究

Analysis on influence factors and their equity of oral health for elder adults in China

目的通过分析我国中老年人口的口腔健康状况,评价我国中老年人口的口腔健康影响因素及其公平性。方法利用CHARLS2013年数据,区分城市和农村居民,采用二分类logistic模型、集中指数和集中指数分解法分析我国中老年口腔健康影响因素及其公平性。结果我国中老年人群的口腔健康状况较差,城市居民的口腔健康好于农村居民;其主要受年龄、牙医服务利用、受教育程度和经济水平等的影响;城市的集中指数为-0. 1680,农村的集中指数为-0. 0965,而总体人群的集中指数为-0. 1628;在控制需要变量的贡献后,城市的水平不公平指数为-0.0632,农村的水平不公平指数为0. 0175,而总体人群的水平不公平指数为-0. 0510。结论城市存在倾向于低收入人群的口腔健康不公平现象,农村存在倾向于高收入人群的口腔健康不公平现象。建议通过改善中老年人群牙医服务利用状况积极改善城市和农村地区的口腔健康不公平现象。

Objective To analyze the oral health status of the elderly population in China,evaluate the oral health influencing factors and their fairness. Methods The data of CHARLS2013 were used to distinguish urban and rural residents,and the factors affecting oral health of middle-aged and elderly people in China and their fairness were analyzed using the binary logistic model,concentration index and concentration index decomposition method. Results The status of oral health for elder adults in China was very poor and urban residents had better oral health than rural residents. It was mainly affected by age,oral healthcare service,education and economic status. The concentration index was-0. 1680 in urban areas and-0. 0965 in rural areas,while the overall concentration index was-0. 1628 in China. By controlling the contribution of need variables,the horizontal inequity index was-0. 0632 in urban areas and 0. 0175 in rural areas,while the overall horizontal inequity index was-0. 0510 in China. Conclusion There are unfair phenomenons tending for low-income population on the oral health in the city,while there are unfair phenomenons tending for high-income population in the countryside on the oral health. It is suggest that the inequality and inequity can be improved by improving the dental health care utilization of elder adults in China.