癌症筛查的现状及进展

Status and progress of cancer screening

癌症作为对人类健康危害极大的慢性病之一,治疗难度大,死亡率高,预后较差,严重影响我国居民健康。近年来,癌症的发病率和死亡率呈逐年上升的趋势。为了有效控制癌症的发病率和死亡率,许多国家开始进行癌症筛查。通过知网、万方及Pub Med等检索国内外相关文献,搜索相关官方网站,以近年的文献为基础,从癌症的流行现状、癌症筛查在国内外的发展和主要的筛查方法等方面进行综述,指出癌症筛查在人群筛查意识和医疗保险制度方面的不足,对其在伦理学、过度诊疗及卫生经济学等方面存在问题进行了总结。本文旨在了解癌症筛查的发展及应用现状,总结目前所面临的问题和挑战,为癌症筛查工作的开展及改进提供参考依据。

As one of the chronic diseases that have great harm to human health,cancer is difficult to treat,with high mortality and poor prognosis,which seriously affects the health of residents. In recent years,the incidence and mortality of cancer have been increasing year by year. In order to effectively control the morbidity and mortality of cancer,many countries have started cancer screening tests and implemented them. Relevant domestic and foreign literature were researched through CNKI,Wanfang,Pub Med and searches related official websites. And based on recent literature,the epidemic status of cancer,the development of cancer screening at home and abroad,and several major screening methods were reviewed. It is pointed out that cancer screening is not sufficient in the crowd screening awareness and medical insurance system,and summarizes the problems in ethics,over diagnosis and treatment,and health economics. The article aims to understand the development and application status of cancer screening,summarize the current problems and challenges,and provide reference for the future development of cancer screening.