哈尔滨市南岗区2016-2017年诺如病毒感染疫情流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of Norovirus infection in Nangang district of Harbin,2016-2017

目的了解2016-2017年哈尔滨市南岗区诺如病毒感染疫情的流行病学特征,为疾病防控工作提供可靠的科学依据。方法对2016-2017年南岗区诺如病毒感染疫情进行流行病学调查和统计学分析,用Quantitative Realtime PCR对采集的标本进行病毒核酸检测。结果共处理9起疫情,累计病例155例,罹患率介于0.15%~8.00%之间,平均罹患率0.70%;诺如病毒发病与季节有关,多发生在冬季和春季;病例发生在托幼机构41例(26.45%)、小学18例(11.61%)、大学92例(59.35%),其他4例(2.59%),发病集中在托幼机构、小学、大学(X^2=26.032,P<0.01);4~19岁与19~30岁年龄段间发病率差异有统计学意义(X^2=20.221,P<0.01),男女发病率无统计学意义(X^2=2.663,P=0.102);疫情有明显的人群聚集性,接触性传播是主要的传播途径;9起诺如病毒疫情共采集样本155份,诺如病毒核酸阳性样本39份,总阳性率为25.16%,其中诺如病毒GⅠ型3份,诺如病毒GⅡ型36份。结论GⅡ型诺如病毒为南岗区诺如病毒感染疫情的主要病原体,冬季是好发季节,托幼机构和学校是诺如病毒感染的主要场所,接触性传播是主要的传播途径。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Norovirus infection in Nangang district of Harbin from 2016 to 2017,provide the reliable scientific basis for disease prevention and control Methods The epidemiological investigation and statistical analysis of Norovirus infection in Nangang district from 2016 to 2017 was conducted.Quantitative Real-time PCR was used to detect viral nucleic acids in the collected samples.Results A total of 9 outbreaks were handled and there were 155 cumulative cases.The attack rates were between 0.15% and 8.00%,and the average attack rate was 0. 70%.The attack of norovirus was related to the seasons ,which mostly occured in winter and spring.The cases occurred in 41 cases (26.45%),18cases (11.61%)in primary schools,92 cases (59.35%)in the university,and the other 4 cases(2.59%).The cases concentrated in the primary care institutions,primary schools and umversities (χ^2=26.032,P < 0.01).There was a statistically significant difference between the ages of 4~19 and 19~30 years of age group(χ^2=20. 221,P <0.01),and the incidence of male and female was not statistically significant (χ^2=2.663,P =0.102).The epidemic had obvious crowd gathering and contact transmission was the main route of transmission.In 9 Norovirus outbreaks,a total of 155samples were collected.There were 39 positive samples of Norovirus nucleic acid,and the total positive rate was 25. 16%.Among them,there were 3 Noroviruses of the GI type and 36 Noroviruses of the GII type.Conclusion Norovirus type GII is the main pathogen of Nangang district outbreak.'Winter is a high season of disease.Child care institutions and schools are the main sites for Norovirus infection.Contact transmission is the main route of transmission.