常山县2012-2016年狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed population in Changshan county,2012-2016

目的分析狂犬病暴露因素,为狂犬病防控提供科学依据。方法收集常山县疾病预防控制中心2012-2016年犬伤门诊登记资料,对资料进行回顾性分析。结果常山县2012-2016年犬伤暴露率逐年上升,以5-8月犬伤暴露人群最多;致伤人群男女比例为1.22∶1;40~49岁组和0~9岁组致伤人数最多,分别占18.41%和17.90%;农民、农民工和学龄前儿童致伤人数最多,分别占51.90%、16.65%和12.47%;84.34%的犬伤暴露发生在家中,85.47%的暴露是由犬所致,80.84%的犬未接种疫苗。结论常山地区仍然存在狂犬病暴露风险,暴露人群分布呈现明显的季节性、年龄、职业、性别、地点差异;农村地区散养未接种疫苗的犬类占绝大多数,仍然有接触并携带狂犬病毒的风险;民众的自我保护意识和狂犬病认知普遍较低;相关部门健康教育与宣传工作仍然有可提升的空间。

Objective To analyze factors of rabies exposure,provide evidence for the prevention and control of rabies.Methods The data of rabies exposure were collected and retrospectively analyzed in the rabies elinie affiliated to Changshan CDC from 2012 to 2016.Results Exposure rate of dog injury increased from 2012 to 2016.The incidence peak of rabies exposure was during May and August.Cases reported in males were 1.22:1 times of the females.The rabies exposure mainly occurred in group of people aged 40-49 and 0-9,which accounted for 18.41% and 17.90%.The rabies exposure cases occurred most in farmers ,migrant workers and preschool children,which accounted for 51.90%,16.65% and 12.47%;84.34%of the exposure occurred at home.85.47% of the exposure were caused by dog bite.80.84% of the dogs were not vaeeinated.Conclusion The risk of rabies exposure still exists in Changshan area.There are significant differences in the distribution of exposed population,season,age,occupation,sex and location.Most unvaccinated dogs are cultured in the countryside.Self-proteetion awareness and rabies knowledge of common people are poor.There are more things can be done in health education and propaganda.