HIV/AIDS患者晚发现原因及对策的定性研究

A qualitative study on the reasons for late discovery of HIV/AIDS patients and strategies

目的了解柳州市HIV/AIDS患者晚发现的原因,并探讨促进HIV感染者早期发现的对策与措施。方法采用定性研究方法,对柳州市30名HIV/AIDS和21名艾滋病防治相关工作人员进行个人深入访谈,访谈内容包括HIV/AIDS患者的发现途径、对艾滋病的认知、配偶/固定性伴告知与HIV检测状况、晚发现的原因、早期发现HIV感染者的对策与措施等。结果访谈的30例HIV/AIDS患者中,21例患者在查出感染HIV之前虽然听说过艾滋病,但对艾滋病知识了解很少,27例患者在查出感染HIV之前未做过HIV检测。导致HIV/AIDS晚发现的原因主要包括对艾滋病认识不足,尤其是农村地区,大多数人觉得艾滋病离自己很远;觉得自己身体很好或自己没有高危行为,不可能感染艾滋病;感染者存在侥幸心理;由于害怕查出艾滋病,所以一直逃避;HIV检测力度不够,且目前的检测仍以被动检测为主。结论针对晚发现的原因,应采取综合措施和对策以便早期发现HIV感染者。

Objective To identify the reasons for late discovery of HIV/AIDS patients and explore strategies for earlier detection of HIV infection in Liuzhou city.Methods Using qualitative research method,personal in-depth interviews were conducted among 30HIV/AIDS patients and 21AIDS-related workers in Liuzhou city.The interviews included the ways of finding HIV/AIDS patients,knowledge of AIDS,spouse/fixed partner notification and HIV testing status,reasons for late detection,and strategies for early detection of HIV-infected persons.ResultsOf the 30HIV/AIDS patients interviewed,21 patients had heard of AIDS prior to diagnosis,while they had very limited knowledge about HIV.27 patients had not been tested for HIV prior to diagnosis.The common reasons listed for late diagnosis were as follows:(1)Knew little about AIDS,and most people thought that AIDS was far away from their own,especially in rural areas.(2)Felt that they were in good health or did not have high-risk behavior,and could not be infected with AIDS.(3)Some people had a sense of luck.(4)Some people were reluctant to admit that they might be HIV-infected,so they did not take HIV testing always.(5)The current HIV testing scale was not enough,it was still dominated by passive testing.Conclusion In view of the causes of late detection,comprehensive measures and countermeasures should be taken to early detect HIV-infected persons.