重庆市3家油漆厂职业病危害检测结果分析

Results analysis of occupational hazards in three paint factories of Chongqing

目的通过对重庆市2013-2015年3家油漆厂职业病危害检测和调查结果分析,深入了解重庆市油漆生产企业生产中的职业病危害因素和危害程度,指出其重点控制岗位及防治措施的薄弱环节,指导今后防治工作。方法采取职业卫生学调查、作业场所现场检验检测等方法,对重庆市3家油漆厂职业病危害因素进行检测,并对结果进行统计分析。结果 3家油漆厂的主要职业病危害因素有苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醛、TDI或MDI、丁醇、溶剂油、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、环己酮或丙酮、粉尘、噪声、工频电场等,各厂主要生产车间均设有抽风排毒、排尘设施,共检测化学物危害184点,超标点10点,超标率为5.4%;检出点109点,检出点率为59.2%;检出值达到限值的50%~100%的点23个,检出率为12.5%。化学物超标点最多的是丁醇,检出点最多的是乙酸乙酯,达限值50%~100%检出点最多的是甲醛。结论油漆企业的重点职业病危害因素是化学毒物类;重点控制岗位是投料、研磨、调漆、试验性喷漆等化学物使用较多的岗位;油漆行业的化学毒物污染较为严重,对有毒物作业岗位提高机械化、自动化、智能化程度,减少人工直接接触;对超标等重点控制岗位的防护设施进行改进,采用低位排风,上送下排的系统排风,提高有效通风效果,加强职业卫生管理。

Objective Through the analysis of the occupational hazards in the three paint factories from 2013 to 2015,the observations give great insight on the occupational hazards and the degree of harm in the production of paint enterprises in Chongqing,to point out the weak links of the key control positions and the prevention and control measures,so as to guide future prevention and control work.Methods The methods of occupational hygiene investigation and site inspection in the workplace were applied to dectect the occupational hazard factors of 3 factories in Chongqing. Results The main occupational hazards of the three paint factories were benzene,toluene,xylene,formaldehyde,TDI or MDI,butanol,solvent oil,ethyl acetate,butyl acetate,cyclohexanone or acetone,dust,noise,power frequency electric field etc.,the main production workshop were equipped with ventilation and drainage,dust removal facilities,a total of detection of chemical hazards of 184 points,exceeding the standard point of 10 points,exceeding rate of 5.4%;detection point of 109 points,the detection rate of 59.2%;detection value of 50%-100% of the limit of 23 points,the most common substance was butanol,the most detected was ethyl acetate,the limit value of 50%-100% was formaldehyde. Conclusion The key occupational-disease-inductive factors of paint enterprises are chemical toxicants;the key control position is the post of feeding,grinding,painting,experimental spray paint and other chemicals. In paint industry,chemical poison contamination is more serious,the toxic workplaces should improve the mechanization,automation,intelligence,reduce the direct contact with artificial;on the excessive control of key positions such as control facilities to improve the use of low exhaust,sent to the lower row of the system exhaust,improve the effectiveness of effective ventilation;strengthen occupational health management.