从区域一体化看融合交通——以粤港澳大湾区和港深广高铁线为例

The importance of integrated transport in fostering the formation of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

高铁的网络化规划和发展为粤港澳大湾区内居民跨城活动提供便捷的快速公交式服务,是粤港澳大湾区形塑"一小时生活圈"的重要支撑。高铁站与城市公共交通的接驳在高铁出行链中占据重要位置,对更好发挥高铁时空压缩效应、提升居民高铁出行满意度、增加高铁出行选择及载客量具有重要意义。本文结合融合交通理论与旅客换乘经历,提出高铁站与城市公共交通接驳理论框架与实地观察指标,并应用到广深港沿线香港西九龙站、深圳北站、广州南站的观察式调研中,分析和对比3个高铁站的公共交通接驳表现。研究发现:在信息衔接层面,香港西九龙站展现出更好的国际化形象与对特殊人群的人文关怀;在设施和服务衔接层面,深圳北站与香港西九龙站以商场作为公共交通换乘点/路线连接点的设计,优化了换乘环境;在车票制度衔接层面,广州南站与深圳北站更好运用信息化技术,便利换乘服务。最后,基于调研结论提出相关建议以提升高铁站点城市公共交通接驳水准,促进粤港澳大湾区发展。

The high-speed railways network provides rapid transit service for inter- city passenger movements. The integration between high-speed railways (HSR) station and urban (intra-city) public transport plays a vital role in regional formation. Based on the passengers' travel experience, this study developed a theoretical framework of passenger- centered integrated transport. Moreover, this framework was tested with results of observational surveys conducted at three important HSR stations along the Hong Kong- Shenzhen-Guangzhou HSR line. With regard to the proposal of fostering the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the findings underline the importance of fostering seamless intermodal integration in enabling the formation of the Greater Bay Area. The results show that the Hong Kong HSR station distinguishes itself by scoring high in the "lowest level integration of information" in a cosmopolitan setting. In terms of the "moderate level integration of facilities and services," both Hong Kong and Shenzhen HSR stations are well connected to nearby shopping malls to enhance the passenger experience. In terms of the "highest level of integration of ticketing and fares," Shenzhen and Guangzhou HSR stations have made better use of information and communication technologies in ticketing;yet, none of the three stations offer any fare integration. Based on the research findings, specific suggestions on improving intermodal transfers are put forward based on the three levels of the transport integration ladder.