公共基础设施的“公益性”有多强——基于上海住宅租赁市场的实证研究

How Public Interest is Influenced by Urban Infrastructure: A Statistical Analysis of Shanghai's Rental Market

许多人将住宅市场的私有化视为当代中国城市化迅猛发展的重要原因,而对于由中国政府主导的公共基础设施建设这个因素的作用却似乎较少关注。究其原因部分是由于公共基础设施的内涵过于广阔,且其"公益性"和"社会性"程度难以清晰确定。在中国城市化背景下,需要将住房和公共基础设施的研究结合起来,基于住宅租金的特征价格分析法作为对公共基础设施内在使用价值的一种测量方式。通过对2012年12月—2013年1月在上海收集到的大样本数据的分析和统计检验结果表明,相较于其他公共基础设施,当地的租户明显更愿意为居住在三甲医院周边支付更高的边际房租。邻近医院的使用价值之所以能够更为直接地反映在房租上,可以在整体上表明公众更愿意为公共医疗卫生设施支付更高的使用价格。因此,需要批判性地探讨以土地增值为目的而发展公共基础设施策略的理论与政策意涵,以及"国家开发"模式可能导致的社会真正所需的公共物品供给不足的风险。

The marketization of housing has been widely argued to be one of the drives to China's rapid urbanization. Less attention has been paid to the government-led public infrastructure construction in Chinese cities.Such a dilemma is probably due to the broad coverage of-public infrastructure and the ambiguity of public interest and social benefit.Combining housing and infrastructure studying and using hedonic models to investigate the housing data collected between December 2012 and January 2013,it is found that residents are willing to pay high rent for accessibility to high quality hospital services.The drives to increase the land use value by constructing more infrastructure has to be discussed for its potential risk under the paradigm of state developmentalism.