田径比赛项目中的相对年龄优势探究

Analysis on the Relative Age Advantage in Athletics

本研究对参加第二届青奥会田径比赛的617名运动员出生日期进行了收集、整理和统计,并通过卡方检验对其出生月份与季度分布进行分析。结果显示:1) 1997年出生的男、女运动员及1998年出生的男子运动员的出生月份分布呈现显著性差异(p <0. 001),1998年出生的女子运动员出生月份分布没有显著差异(p=0. 345); 2)在1997年出生的男、女运动员和1998年出生的男子运动中,第一、二季度出生的运动员要显著高于第三、四季度出生的运动员(p <0. 001),1998年出生的女子运动员出生季度没有显著差异(p=0. 075)。研究结果证实了2014年南京青奥会田径比赛项目中存在相对年龄优势。

The current study the employed the Chi-square Goodness-of-fit test to analyzed the distribution of birthdates of all the 617 athletes who participated in the competition. Results showed:( 1) There were significances in the distribution of birth months of both male and female athletes with the age of 17 and male athletes with the age of 16( p < 0. 001);while no significances were detected in the birth month distribution of 16-year-old female players( p = 0. 345);( 2) In both male and female athletes of 17 years and male athletes of 16,those who were born in the first and second quartiles of the year were significantly more than those who were born in the third and fourth quartiles( p < 0. 001);while there were no significances found in the birth quartile distribution of 16-year-old female players( p = 0. 075). These results verified the existence of RAA in the athletics competition of the second Youth Olympic Games.