“两权相分离”:检察系统司法改革应注重的制度设计

Separation of Powers:System Design Involved in Judicial Reform of Inspection System

我国检察系统司法改革(以下简称"检察司改")中行政事务管理权和检察权存在合并交叉行使的现象,两权定性、定位不明,造成检察权独立行使受到一定阻碍。结合实践探索,提出了两权分离的构想。其中行政事务管理权可分为纯粹性的行政事务管理权和复合性的行政事务管理权,但均以服务于检察权的高质量运行为其鹄的,以期能够突破地方保护主义、行政政策、工资机制、考评制度等制约。做好检察司改两权分离的关键,应立足国情做好顶层设计,选用"重心上移适度分离"模式,改变现有局面,提升检察官办案的主体地位,建立权责一致的两权分离体系。

In China, there is a phenomenon that judicial administrative affairs management authority and procuratorial power are merged and crossed when used, and the power is not specific in determining the nature and position, which leads the independence of procuratorial authority to a serious obstruction. This paper investigates to separate procuratorial authority from judicial administrative management affairs authority. The transaction management of the administration of justice can be divided into purely judicial administrative affairs management power and complex judicial administrative affairs management power, but the goal is to run its prosecutorial power.This paper explores to break the restriction of local protectionism, administrative policy, salary mechanism, evaluation system,etc.based on national conditions. Enhancing the top design and choosing the pattern of "the center upward shift and separating moderately" are very important. So that we can change the present situation, promote principal status in handling cases for public prosecutors and set up an separation system two powers of right and responsibility consistent.